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华为---OSPF多区域配置(二)

时间:2025/9/29 8:22:48来源:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43773979/article/details/139784302 浏览次数:0次

9.2 OSPF多区域配置

9.2.1 原理概述

在OSPF单区域中,每台路由器都需要收集其他所有路由器的链路状态信息,如果网络规模不断扩大,链路状态信息也会随之不断增多,这将使得单台路由器上链路状态数据库非常庞大,导致路由器负担加重,也不便于维护管理。为了解决上述问题,OSPF协议可以将整个自治系统划分为不同的区域(Area),就像一个国家的国土面积很大时,会把整个国家划分为不同的省份来管理一样。

链路状态信息只在区域内部泛洪,区域之间传递的只是路由条目而非链路状态信息,因此大大减小了路由器的负担。当一台路由器属于不同区域时称它为区域边界路由器(Area Border Router,ABR),负责传递区域间路由信息。区域间的路由信息传递类似距离矢量算法,为了防止区域间产生环路,所有非骨干区域之间的路由信息必须经过骨干区域,也就是说非骨干区域必须和骨干区域相连,且非骨干区域之间不能直接进行路由信息交互。

9.2.2 实验内容

本实验模拟企业网络场景。R1、R2、R3、R4为企业总部核心区域设备,属于区域0,R5属于新增分支机构A的网关设备,R6属于新增分支机构B的网关设备。PC-1和PC-2分别属于分支机构A和B,PC-3和PC-4属于总部管理员登录设备,用于管理网络。在该网络中,如果设计方案采用单区域配置,则会导致单一区域LSA数目过于庞大,导致路由器开销过高,SPF算法运算过于频繁。因此网络管理员选择配置多区域方案进行网络配置,将两个新分支运行在不同的OSPF区域中,其中R5属于区域1,R6属于区域2。

9.2.3 实验拓扑图

在这里插入图片描述

9.2.4 实验编址表

设备接口IP地址子网掩码默认网关
AR1(AR2220)GE 0/0/0172.16.3.1255.255.255.252N/A
AR1(AR2220)GE 0/0/1172.16.2.1255.255.255.252N/A
AR1(AR2220)GE 0/0/2172.16.1.1255.255.255.252N/A
AR2(AR2220)GE 0/0/0172.16.3.2255.255.255.252N/A
AR2(AR2220)GE 0/0/1172.16.4.2255.255.255.252N/A
AR2(AR2220)GE 0/0/2172.16.5.2255.255.255.252N/A
AR3(AR2220)GE 0/0/0172.16.8.2255.255.255.252N/A
AR3(AR2220)GE 0/0/1172.16.2.2255.255.255.252N/A
AR3(AR2220)GE 0/0/2172.16.7.2255.255.255.252N/A
AR3(AR2220)GE 1/0/0192.168.30.254255.255.255.0N/A
AR4(AR2220)GE 0/0/0172.16.6.1255.255.255.252N/A
AR4(AR2220)GE 0/0/1172.16.4.1255.255.255.252N/A
AR4(AR2220)GE 0/0/2172.16.7.1255.255.255.252N/A
AR4(AR2220)GE 1/0/0192.168.40.254255.255.255.0N/A
AR5(AR2220)GE 0/0/0172.16.8.1255.255.255.252N/A
AR5(AR2220)GE 0/0/1192.168.10.254255.255.255.0N/A
AR5(AR2220)GE 0/0/2172.16.1.2255.255.255.252N/A
AR6(AR2220)GE 0/0/0172.16.6.2255.255.255.252N/A
AR6(AR2220)GE 0/0/1192.168.20.254255.255.255.0N/A
AR6(AR2220)GE 0/0/2172.16.5.1255.255.255.252N/A
PC1Ethernet 0/0/1192.168.10.1255.255.255.0192.168.10.254
PC2Ethernet 0/0/1192.168.20.1255.255.255.0192.168.20.254
PC3Ethernet 0/0/1192.168.30.1255.255.255.0192.168.30.254
PC4Ethernet 0/0/1192.168.40.1255.255.255.0192.168.40.254

9.2.5 实验步骤

1、基本配置

根据实验编址表进行路由器接口配置和pcIP地址配置。

[AR1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.3.1 30
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.2.1 30
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 172.16.1.1 30[AR2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.3.2 30
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.4.2 30
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 172.16.5.2 30[AR3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.8.2 30
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.2.2 30
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 172.16.7.2 30
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[AR3-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]ip address 192.168.30.254 24[AR4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.1 30
[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.4.1 30
[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 172.16.7.1 30
[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/0
[AR4-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]ip address 192.168.40.254 24[AR5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.8.1 30
[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.10.254 24
[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 172.16.1.2 30[AR6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[AR6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.2 30
[AR6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.20.254 24
[AR6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[AR6-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 172.16.5.1 30

配置完成后进行直连链路测试,我这里只测试一个,其他省略。

[AR6]ping 172.16.5.2PING 172.16.5.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakReply from 172.16.5.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=70 msReply from 172.16.5.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 msReply from 172.16.5.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 msReply from 172.16.5.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=10 msReply from 172.16.5.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms--- 172.16.5.2 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted5 packet(s) received0.00% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 10/28/70 ms
2、配置骨干区域路由器

在公司总部路由器R1、R2、R3、R4上创建OSPF进程,并通告路由。

[AR1]ospf 1
[AR1-ospf-1]area 0
[AR1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.3
[AR1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.3[AR2]ospf 1
[AR2-ospf-1]area 0
[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.3
[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.3[AR3]ospf 1
[AR3-ospf-1]area 0
[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.3
[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.7.0 0.0.0.3
[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255[AR4]ospf 1
[AR4-ospf-1]area 0
[AR4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.3
[AR4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.7.0 0.0.0.3
[AR4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255

配置完成后,测试总部两台pc的连通性。

PC3>ping 192.168.40.1
Ping 192.168.40.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
Request timeout!
From 192.168.40.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=126 time=15 ms
From 192.168.40.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=126 time=16 ms
From 192.168.40.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=126 time=31 ms
From 192.168.40.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=126 time=16 ms
--- 192.168.40.1 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted4 packet(s) received20.00% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 0/19/31 ms
3、配置非骨干区域路由器

在分支A的路由器R5上面创建OSPF进程,并进入区域1,并通告相应网段。

[AR5]ospf 1
[AR5-ospf-1]area 1
[AR5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3
[AR5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.8.0 0.0.0.3
[AR5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255[AR1]ospf 1
[AR1-ospf-1]area 1
[AR1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3[AR3]ospf 1
[AR3-ospf-1]area 1
[AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.8.0 0.0.0.3

使用display ospf peer命令查看OSPF邻居状态,可以看到OSPF邻居关系建立正常,State状态都为full状态。

[AR5]display ospf peerOSPF Process 1 with Router ID 172.16.8.1Neighbors Area 0.0.0.1 interface 172.16.8.1(GigabitEthernet0/0/0)'s neighborsRouter ID: 172.16.8.2       Address: 172.16.8.2      State: Full  Mode:Nbr is  Master  Priority: 1DR: 172.16.8.1  BDR: 172.16.8.2  MTU: 0    Dead timer due in 39  sec Retrans timer interval: 5 Neighbor is up for 00:03:45     Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ] Neighbors Area 0.0.0.1 interface 172.16.1.2(GigabitEthernet0/0/2)'s neighborsRouter ID: 172.16.3.1       Address: 172.16.1.1      State: Full  Mode:Nbr is  Slave  Priority: 1DR: 172.16.1.2  BDR: 172.16.1.1  MTU: 0    Dead timer due in 40  sec Retrans timer interval: 5 Neighbor is up for 00:05:47     Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ] 

使用display ip routing-table Protocol ospf命令 查看R5路由表中的OSPF路由条目,可以看到,除OSPF区域2内的路由外,相关的路由条目都已经获取到,连接不同区域的路由器称为ABR,即区域边界路由器,该类路由器设备可以同时属于两个以上的区域,但其中至少一个端口必须在骨干区域内。ABR是用来连接骨干区域和非骨干区域的,即可以是物理连接,也可以是逻辑上的连接。

[AR5]display ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPFDestinations : 6        Routes : 8        
OSPF routing table status : <Active>Destinations : 6        Routes : 8
Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface172.16.2.0/30  OSPF    10   2           D   172.16.1.1      GigabitEthernet0/0/2OSPF    10   2           D   172.16.8.2      GigabitEthernet0/0/0172.16.3.0/30  OSPF    10   2           D   172.16.1.1      GigabitEthernet0/0/2172.16.4.0/30  OSPF    10   3           D   172.16.1.1      GigabitEthernet0/0/2OSPF    10   3           D   172.16.8.2      GigabitEthernet0/0/0172.16.7.0/30  OSPF    10   2           D   172.16.8.2      GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.30.0/24  OSPF    10   2           D   172.16.8.2      GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.40.0/24  OSPF    10   3           D   172.16.8.2      GigabitEthernet0/0/0
OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>Destinations : 0        Routes : 

使用display ospf lsdb命令查看R5的OSPF链路状态数据库信息,可以看到关于其他区域的路由条目都是通过sum-net这类lsa获得,所以不参与本区域的SPF算法运算的。

[AR5]display ospf lsdbOSPF Process 1 with Router ID 172.16.8.1Link State Database Area: 0.0.0.1Type      LinkState ID    AdvRouter          Age  Len   Sequence   MetricRouter    172.16.3.1      172.16.3.1        1349  36    80000003       1Router    172.16.8.2      172.16.8.2        1227  36    80000003       1Router    172.16.8.1      172.16.8.1        1219  60    8000000C       1Network   172.16.1.2      172.16.8.1        1338  32    80000002       0Network   172.16.8.1      172.16.8.1        1219  32    80000002       0Sum-Net   172.16.3.0      172.16.3.1        1350  28    80000001       1Sum-Net   172.16.3.0      172.16.8.2        1231  28    80000001       2Sum-Net   172.16.2.0      172.16.3.1        1350  28    80000001       1Sum-Net   172.16.2.0      172.16.8.2        1231  28    80000001       1Sum-Net   192.168.30.0    172.16.3.1        1350  28    80000001       2Sum-Net   192.168.30.0    172.16.8.2        1231  28    80000001       1Sum-Net   172.16.7.0      172.16.3.1        1350  28    80000001       2Sum-Net   172.16.7.0      172.16.8.2        1231  28    80000001       1Sum-Net   172.16.4.0      172.16.3.1        1350  28    80000001       2Sum-Net   172.16.4.0      172.16.8.2        1231  28    80000001       2Sum-Net   192.168.40.0    172.16.3.1        1350  28    80000001       3Sum-Net   192.168.40.0    172.16.8.2        1231  28    80000001       2

对公司另一个分部B的路由器也做相同的配置。

[AR6]ospf 1
[AR6-ospf-1]area 2
[AR6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3
[AR6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.3
[AR6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255[AR2]ospf 1
[AR2-ospf-1]area 2
[AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3[AR4]ospf 1
[AR4-ospf-1]area 2
[AR4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.3

配置完成查看R6的路由条目,并测试分支A和分支B的连通性。

[AR6]display ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPFDestinations : 9        Routes : 12       
OSPF routing table status : <Active>Destinations : 9        Routes : 12
Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface172.16.1.0/30  OSPF    10   3           D   172.16.5.2      GigabitEthernet0/0/2172.16.2.0/30  OSPF    10   3           D   172.16.5.2      GigabitEthernet0/0/2OSPF    10   3           D   172.16.6.1      GigabitEthernet0/0/0172.16.3.0/30  OSPF    10   2           D   172.16.5.2      GigabitEthernet0/0/2172.16.4.0/30  OSPF    10   2           D   172.16.5.2      GigabitEthernet0/0/2OSPF    10   2           D   172.16.6.1      GigabitEthernet0/0/0172.16.7.0/30  OSPF    10   2           D   172.16.6.1      GigabitEthernet0/0/0172.16.8.0/30  OSPF    10   3           D   172.16.6.1      GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.10.0/24  OSPF    10   4           D   172.16.5.2      GigabitEthernet0/0/2OSPF    10   4           D   172.16.6.1      GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.30.0/24  OSPF    10   3           D   172.16.6.1      GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.40.0/24  OSPF    10   2           D   172.16.6.1      GigabitEthernet0/0/0
OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>Destinations : 0        Routes : 0PC1>ping 192.168.20.1
Ping 192.168.20.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
Request timeout!
From 192.168.20.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=124 time=31 ms
From 192.168.20.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=124 time=32 ms
From 192.168.20.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=124 time=31 ms
From 192.168.20.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=124 time=31 ms
--- 192.168.20.1 ping statistics ---5 packet(s) transmitted4 packet(s) received20.00% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 0/31/32 ms
关键字:华为---OSPF多区域配置(二)

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