目录标题zero strawberry、插播网卡知识一、24 port gigabit unmanaged switch二、TL-SG1005D三、网线:samzhe cat 6 u/utp 4pair ansi/tia-568.2-d patch cable www.samzhe.com /001四、网线samzhe cat6 utp 24awg*4p tia/eia 568b /007五、ipconfig六、一个网口下面多个路由器zero strawberry、插播网卡知识网卡就是房子本身物理实体。它是计算机里插着的一块硬件或芯片负责把数据转换成电信号/光信号发送出去。一台电脑可以有多个网卡有线、无线、蓝牙等MAC 地址就是网卡这个房子自带的、出厂的永久门牌号物理地址。它由厂家烧录在网卡芯片里全球唯一不能轻易更改。用来在一个局域网里精准找到你这台设备。eth0、eth1就是给这栋房子房产证的名字设备逻辑名称。当你电脑上插了多块网卡时Linux 系统为了区分它们就把第一块有线网卡命名为 eth0第二块命名为 eth1以此类推。三者关系:一对一绑定一个物理网卡芯片对应一个 MAC 地址,同时对应一个系统设备名比如 eth0名可改MAC 不变eth0、eth1 这个名字是操作系统分配的可以改比如改成 enp0s3 或 net0但网卡自己的 MAC 地址是改不了的除非软件伪造已经理解:一台设备上面有多个可以插网线的每个查网线的都是一个网卡。笔记本通常有两个网卡一个无线一个有线实际执行服务器指令看看对应有几个网卡iplinkshow769: veth8158104if768:BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UPmtu1500qdisc noqueue master br-7e5bd69d2ae4 state UP mode DEFAULT group default link/ether be:de:48:49:b9:07 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid01: lo:LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UPmtu65536qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:002: eth0:NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UPmtu1500qdisc mq state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen1000link/ether 00:25:a9:0e:be:d3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff3: eth1:NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UPmtu1500qdisc mq state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen1000link/ether 00:25:a9:0e:be:d4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff4: eth2:NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UPmtu1500qdisc mq state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen1000link/ether 00:25:a9:0e:be:d5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff5: eth3:BROADCAST,MULTICASTmtu1500qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen1000link/ether 00:25:a9:0e:be:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff6: eth4:NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UPmtu1500qdisc mq state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen1000link/ether 00:25:a9:0e:be:d7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff7: eth5:BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UPmtu1500qdisc mq state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen1000link/ether 00:25:a9:0e:be:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff8: fp0:BROADCAST,MULTICASTmtu1500qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen1000link/ether 00:25:a9:0e:be:d9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff9: fp1:BROADCAST,MULTICASTmtu1500qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen1000link/ether 00:25:a9:0e:be:da brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff10: fp2:BROADCAST,MULTICASTmtu1500qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen1000link/ether 00:25:a9:0e:be:db brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff11: fp3:BROADCAST,MULTICASTmtu1500qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen1000link/ether 00:25:a9:0e:be:dc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff12: br-0036386f80cc:NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UPmtu1500qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default link/ether 02:42:2e:c2:17:05 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff14: docker0:NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UPmtu1500qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default link/ether 02:42:37:f9:50:e5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff15: br-7e5bd69d2ae4:BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UPmtu1500qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default link/ether 02:42:ed:c8:86:b0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff16: br-9b8f07aa8666:NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UPmtu1500qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default link/ether 02:42:4d:ed:1f:ee brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff17: br-cc5ef879ab01:BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UPmtu1500qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default link/ether 02:42:61:23:1e:71 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff2098: vethbdff2eaif2097:BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UPmtu1500qdisc noqueue master br-bfe678c7d76b state UP mode DEFAULT group default link/ether be:94:e2:9c:ec:92 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid6340: vethbcfe4eaif339:BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UPmtu1500qdisc noqueue master br-cc5ef879ab01 state UP mode DEFAULT group default link/ether96:31:f6:7f:f7:28 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid12144: veth778daedif2143:BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UPmtu1500qdisc noqueue master br-bfe678c7d76b state UP mode DEFAULT group default link/ether 6a:41:ef:47:eb:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid82162: veth7d218b6if2161:BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UPmtu1500qdisc noqueue master br-bfe678c7d76b state UP mode DEFAULT group default link/ether fa:1e:e5:f3:6c:88 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid72030: br-bfe678c7d76b:BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UPmtu1500qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default link/ether 02:42:b0:3c:23:a1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff2032: veth308ceb7if2031:BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UPmtu1500qdisc noqueue master br-bfe678c7d76b state UP mode DEFAULT group default link/ether 6e:ce:f2:fb:53:72 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid32034: veth66845d0if2033:BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UPmtu1500qdisc noqueue master br-bfe678c7d76b state UP mode DEFAULT group default link/ether c6:86:d3:9f:f0:b8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid52036: vethf80018eif2035:BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UPmtu1500qdisc noqueue master br-bfe678c7d76b state UP mode DEFAULT group default link/ether f2:bd:0a:53:b4:8a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid42044: vethc6d845bif2043:BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UPmtu1500qdisc noqueue master br-bfe678c7d76b state UP mode DEFAULT group default link/ether22:b0:b1:31:70:a6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid9765: veth9564a0fif764:BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UPmtu1500qdisc noqueue master br-7e5bd69d2ae4 state UP mode DEFAULT group default link/ether ce:00:6f:bf:f0:09 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid2767: vetha32fcfdif766:BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UPmtu1500qdisc noqueue master br-7e5bd69d2ae4 state UP mode DEFAULT group default link/ether 6e:9b:69:22:26:d9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid10物理网卡6 个从输出里看eth0 ~ eth5 这 6 个就是你的物理网卡名称MAC 地址状态说明eth000:25:a9:0e:be:d3DOWN没插网线eth100:25:a9:0e:be:d4DOWN没插网线eth200:25:a9:0e:be:d5DOWN没插网线eth300:25:a9:0e:be:d6DOWN没插网线eth400:25:a9:0e:be:d7DOWN没插网线eth500:25:a9:0e:be:d8UP唯一插了网线、正在工作的虚拟网卡很多类型名称示例用途Docker 网桥docker0、br-xxxDocker 容器之间的虚拟交换机veth 对veth8158104if768、vethbdff2eaif2097Docker 容器连接到网桥的虚拟网线本地回环lo本机通信(127.0.0.1)其他虚拟fp0 ~ fp3可能是 DPDK、SR-IOV 或其他虚拟功能接口解析以下指令(主要解析在使用网卡):以其中一个在使用网卡返回和一个未使用网卡返回 为示例6: eth4:NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UPmtu1500qdisc mq state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen1000link/ether 00:25:a9:0e:be:d7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff7: eth5:BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UPmtu1500qdisc mq state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen1000link/ether 00:25:a9:0e:be:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff1. 前半段网卡名字和状态标志6: eth4:NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP7: eth5:BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP部分含义7:内核给这个网卡分配的索引编号第 7 个网络接口eth5这块网卡在系统中的名字第 6 块有线物理网卡BROADCAST支持广播功能可以向局域网内所有设备发消息MULTICAST支持多播功能可以加入组播组UP网卡已启用管理层面是启动状态LOWER_UP物理连接正常网线已插好链路是通的NO-CARRIER没有检测到载波信号最关键的信号UP LOWER_UP 网线插好了网卡也起来了随时可以收发数据。NO-CARRIER 表示没有检测到载波信号大白话就是网卡是启动的UP但网线没插或者对端设备没开机2. 中段技术参数最大传输单元 1500 字节这是以太网标准值一帧数据最多装 1500 字节,李明杰老师计算机网络协议的网课再记忆攻击我mtu1500qdisc mq state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen1000部分含义mtu 1500最大传输单元 1500 字节这是以太网标准值一帧数据最多装 1500 字节qdisc mq队列规则 多队列Multi-Queue说明这块网卡性能不错可以并行处理多核 CPU 的网络流量state UP当前工作状态是启动的和前面呼应mode DEFAULT默认工作模式qlen 1000网卡的发送队列长度是 1000 个数据包表示可以暂存 1000 个待发送的包3. 后半段MAC 地址核心信息link/ether 00:25:a9:0e:be:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff部分含义link/ether数据链路层使用的是以太网协议00:25:a9:0e:be:d8MAC 地址这块网卡的物理门牌号全球唯一brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff广播地址全 F 表示发给局域网内所有设备一、24 port gigabit unmanaged switchgigabit: noun 千兆比特switch 交换机它是交换机不是路由器。 准确地说是一台 24口千兆非网管交换机非网管 (Unmanaged) 意味着它不需要配置插上就能用就像一个“网络扩展器”Uplink上联口 的用途。在网络设备交换机、路由器上Uplink口通常是用来连接上一层网络设备的比如连接到核心交换机、路由器、光猫而不是用来直接连接电脑的23/24 Uplink这两个口是这台交换机的“高速公路入口”专门用来连接路由器或上一层核心网络以获得网络接入。二、TL-SG1005DTL-SG1005D是一台交换机不是路由器。它和你上次问的“24口交换机”是同一类设备只是端口数量更少功能也更基础非常适合家用或小型办公室三、网线:samzhe cat 6 u/utp 4pair ansi/tia-568.2-d patch cable www.samzhe.com /001四、网线samzhe cat6 utp 24awg*4p tia/eia 568b /007五、ipconfig你在命令提示符里输入 ipconfig 后看到的信息其实是电脑里所有网卡的“名片”直接从TL-SG1005D 用samzhe cat6 utp 24awg*4p tia/eia 568b /007网线插入我电脑ethernet adapter 对应ip 是192.168.1.152网关:192.168.1.1子网掩码:255.255.255.0我从 24口千兆交换机用网线samzhe cat 6 u/utp 4pair ansi/tia-568.2-d patch cable www.samzhe.com /001再插入我电脑ethernet adapter 对应ip 192.168.88.100网关192.168.88.1总结:我和别人电脑不在同一个网段,无语六、一个网口下面多个路由器因为交换机的作用就是扩展网口数量它本身不关心接的是什么设备墙上网口 → 交换机交换机从墙上取到网络信号交换机 → 多个路由器交换机的每个空闲口都可以插路由器结果每个路由器都能独立工作各自分出Wi-Fi和LAN口墙上网口 → TL-SG1005D → 蒲公英路由器→ TP-Link路由器→ 还可以再接第三个多个路由器注意如下: