哈喽大家好我是【IT邦德】江湖人称jeames00710余年DBA及大数据工作经验一位上进心十足的【大数据领域博主】中国DBA联盟(ACDU)成员目前服务于工业互联网擅长主流Oracle、MySQL、PG、高斯及GP 运维开发备份恢复安装迁移性能优化、故障应急处理等。✨ 如果有对【数据库】感兴趣的【小可爱】欢迎关注【IT邦德】❤️❤️❤️感谢各位大可爱小可爱❤️❤️❤️文章目录[TOC](文章目录) 一、环境准备1. 操作系统确认二、关闭防火墙和 SELinux防火墙SELinux三、安装依赖四、创建 MySQL 用户五、安装二进制包六、创建数据目录七、配置环境变量八、配置 my.cnf九、初始化数据库十、配置 systemd 服务十一、启动 MySQL十二、修改 root 密码十三、创建远程用户十四、验证部署查看进程查看端口登录测试十五、生产环境优化文件句柄内核参数十六、最终检查清单十七、后续生产部署建议一、环境准备1. 操作系统确认cat /etc/redhat-releaseuname -r适用环境RHEL 8Rocky Linux 8AlmaLinux 8CentOS Stream 8安装方式官方 Generic Binary Tarball不使用 RPM不源码编译规划项目 路径软件目录 /usr/local/mysql 数据目录 /data/mysql 端口 3306二、关闭防火墙和 SELinux防火墙systemctl stop firewalldsystemctl disable firewalldSELinux查看getenforce临时关闭setenforce 0永久修改vim /etc/selinux/config设置SELINUXdisabled三、安装依赖echo “[localREPO]” /etc/yum.repos.d/my.repoecho “namelocalhost8” /etc/yum.repos.d/my.repoecho “baseurlfile:///mnt/BaseOS” /etc/yum.repos.d/my.repoecho “gpgcheck0” /etc/yum.repos.d/my.repoecho “enabled1” /etc/yum.repos.d/my.repoecho “[localREPO_APP]” /etc/yum.repos.d/my.repoecho “namelocalhost8_app” /etc/yum.repos.d/my.repoecho “baseurlfile:///mnt/AppStream” /etc/yum.repos.d/my.repoecho “gpgcheck0” /etc/yum.repos.d/my.repoecho “enabled1” /etc/yum.repos.d/my.repomount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ /dev/null 21dnf install -y \libaio \numactl \perl \net-tools \tar \wget \vim \lsof四、创建 MySQL 用户groupadd mysqluseradd \-r \-g mysql \-s /bin/false \mysql五、安装二进制包进入软件目录mkdir -p /softcd /soft下载 MySQL 二进制包wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-26.7/mysql-26.7.0-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz解压tar -xf mysql-26.7.0-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz \-C /usr/local重命名cd /usr/localmv mysql-26.7.0-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64 mysql六、创建数据目录mkdir -p /data/mysql授权chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysqlchown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql七、配置环境变量编辑vim /etc/profile增加export MYSQL_HOME/usr/local/mysqlexport PATHM Y S Q L _ H O M E / b i n : MYSQL\_HOME/bin:MYSQL_HOME/bin:PATH生效source /etc/profile验证mysql -V八、配置 my.cnf文件vim /etc/my.cnf示例[mysqld]usermysqlport3306basedir/usr/local/mysqldatadir/data/mysqlsocket/data/mysql/mysql.sockpid-file/data/mysql/mysql.pidcharacter-set-serverutf8mb4collation-serverutf8mb4_0900_ai_ci# error loglog-error/data/mysql/mysql-error.log# slow sqlslow_query_logONslow_query_log_file/data/mysql/mysql-slow.loglong_query_time1# binlogserver-id1log-bin/data/mysql/mysql-bin# InnoDBdefault-storage-engineINNODBinnodb_buffer_pool_size4Ginnodb_redo_log_capacity2Ginnodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit1innodb_file_per_tableON# connectionmax_connections1000max_connect_errors10000skip-name-resolve[client]port3306socket/data/mysql/mysql.sock九、初始化数据库执行cd /usr/local/mysql-如果初始化失败才执行rm -rf /data/mysql/*bin/mysqld \–initialize \–usermysql \–basedir/usr/local/mysql \–datadir/data/mysql查看临时密码grep password /data/mysql/mysql-error.log十、配置 systemd 服务创建vim /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service内容[Unit]DescriptionMySQL ServerDocumentationhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/Afternetwork.targetAftersyslog.target[Service]TypenotifyUsermysqlGroupmysql# MySQL安装目录Environment“MYSQL_HOME/usr/local/mysql”ExecStart/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld \–defaults-file/etc/my.cnf# 优雅停止ExecStop/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin \–defaults-file/etc/my.cnf \–socket/data/mysql/mysql.sock \shutdown# 重启策略Restarton-failureRestartSec5# 文件句柄LimitNOFILE65535# 内存限制LimitMEMLOCKinfinity# 进程限制TasksMaxinfinity[Install]WantedBymulti-user.target刷新systemctl daemon-reload十一、启动 MySQL启动systemctl start mysql查看systemctl status mysql开机启动systemctl enable mysql十二、修改 root 密码登录mysql -uroot -p修改ALTER USER ‘root’‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘root’;FLUSH PRIVILEGES;十三、创建远程用户CREATE USER ‘admin’‘%’IDENTIFIED BY ‘Admin123456’;GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.*TO ‘admin’‘%’WITH GRANT OPTION;FLUSH PRIVILEGES;十四、验证部署查看进程ps -ef | grep mysqld查看端口ss -lntp | grep 3306登录测试mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uadmin -p十五、生产环境优化文件句柄vim /etc/security/limits.conf增加mysql soft nofile 65535mysql hard nofile 65535内核参数vim /etc/sysctl.conf增加vm.swappiness10fs.file-max1000000net.core.somaxconn65535生效sysctl -p十六、最终检查清单检查项目 命令MySQL版本 mysql -V 服务状态 systemctl status mysql 监听端口 ss -lntp 数据目录 ls /data/mysql 远程连接 mysql -h IP十七、后续生产部署建议建议继续完善MySQL 参数优化模板GTID 主从复制MGR 高可用集群XtraBackup 备份恢复性能监控体系慢 SQL 优化体系