文件的操作在今后的开发中也是使用非常频繁的。先说说关于文件操作的流程, 要打开文件, 从而得到文件的一个句柄, 接着把这个句柄赋值给一个变量, 之后凭借句柄对文件开展操作, 也就是内容的增加、删除、修改、查询。最后必须关闭文件, 因为有打开就需要有关闭, 不然文件就会一直被占用。直到程序运行结束。文件的基本操作#按照上面所说的流程f open(demo.txt)#1.打开文件句柄赋值给fdata f.read()#2.对文件操作读取文件内容print(data)#打印文件f.close()#3.关闭文件#按照上面的流程就完成了对文件的基本操作打开文件模式此前, 我们运用打开文件的方式, 不存在可以选择打开模式的地方, 实际上默认已然运用了“只读模式”r, 于只读模式之中, 我们仅能够读取文件里的内容, 此外无法针对文件开展写入、追加等相关操作句号。那如果想要写入怎么办这里就要用到打开模式了。打开文件是模式有如下只读模式, 其为默认情况只写模式, 不可读, 当不存在文件时会创建, 若存在文件则删除原有内容并写入新内容追加模式, 可读, 不存在文件时创建, 存在时在原有内容基础上追加新内容。那么如何使用呢其实很简单下面写一个例子f open(demo.txt,w) f.write(test) f.close()#我们只需要在open的时候加上‘w’就可以对文件进行写入操作了想在同一时候进行读取操作又能够进行写入操作该如何去做呢, 打开的模式当中存在一个‘“”用来表示能够在一个文件里同时进行读取和写入这两项操作。r, 具备可读、可写并可追加文件的能力即可进行读操作、可进行写操作、还可进行追加操作, w, 实现写读功能, a, 与a的作用相同。此外, 存在一个标注为“U”的情况, 其意味着, 当从事读取操作时, 它能够把 \r\n这种形式, 自动转变为 \n。, “b”, 用来表示处理二进制文件, 要是我们所打开的文件并非文本, 而是其他类型的文件, 那么这种情况下就会用到这个模式。用于FTP发送上传文件的场景里头, 在linux环境下能够予以忽略, 而当处理二进制文件之际则需要进行标注。打开文件编码前面我们都没有使用到打开编码其实默认都是 “gbk”若是我们的文件, 属于utf - 8编码格式, 并且内容里有着中文, 那么读取之际, 不会出现报错, 能够正常读取。要是文件属于utf - 8编码格式, 内容里增添了中文, 在这个时候, 我们进行默认编码打卡就会出现报错, 情况如下这个时候后我们就要用到 对打开文件编码格式的修改f open(demo.txt,r, encodingutf-8)#加上encodingutf-8就不会出现报错或者中文乱码了大文件操作此前, 我们读取文件内容的方式, 皆是一次性地将全部内容予以读取, 如此这般进行操作, 倘若文件规模较小, 那尚可勉强为之, 要是文件的体量格外巨大, 所含内容极其繁多, 像达到1G、10G这类程度, 那就会致使我们的电脑陷入卡死状态, 甚而出现内存溢出的情况。对待大文件的操作, 实际上, 咱们能够每次仅仅读取一行, 读取完一行之后就在内存当中予以删除。f open(demo.txt,r, encodingutf-8)#只要使用这种循环读一条删一条内存中只保存一行数据forlineinf:print(line) f.close()#此方法针对大文件操作效果显著文件修改上文之中, 我们以追加模式将其打开, 随后进行写入文件的操作, 如此这般便能够把追加的内容写入至该文件里了。如果进行修改以及删除操作, 是否采用读写模式, 将内容读出, 经过内容的或者改变情形除去, 之后再度写入到文件里边, 便能够达成除去与修改的结果呢。然而, 我们才刚就大文件有所置喙, 假定存在一个达20G的文件, 显然你绝然无法将其整体予以读取, 于相应内容实施修改或者删除操作之后, 再行写入该文件, 此时你的程序却径直死机了, 这般状况该如何妥善处置呢?其实际上依旧是借用上面大文件操作的那种方式, 我们逐一条目去读取, 接着逐一条目完成写入。#思路就是一行一行读出源文件内容在一行一行写入新的文件中f open(demo.txt,r, encodingutf-8)#原文件f2 open(demo2.txt,a, encodingutf-8)#修改后保存的新文件forlineinf:#判断如果行中有出现zhangsan则修改成lisiifzhangsaninline: line line.replace(zhangsan,lisi)#判断如果行中有出现wangwu则跳过既这行不添加到新文件相当于删除了这行elifwangwuinline:continuef2.write(line)#最后修改过的内容一行一行写入到新的文件中print(line) f.close() f2.close()with 语句在前一部分我们已经讲过, 文件一旦被打开就需要将其关闭。然而我们时常会出现忘记关闭的情况, 那该如何去做呢?提供了一个 with语句使用方式#使用with语句当with代码块执行完毕时内部会自动关闭并释放文件资源。with open(demo.txt,r, encodingutf-8) as f:pass#在Python2.7以后with还同时支持操作多个文件with open(demo.txt,r, encodingutf-8) as f, open(demo2.txt,r, encodingutf-8) as f2:pass关于中的文件操作常用的方法就写这么多还有一些如tellseekseekable ... 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