1 下载安装cppcheck
1.1 下载安装包
下载地址：http://cppcheck.net/
同时把 Source code (.zip) 也下载下来，后面会用到。
1.2 安装及配置
双击安装文件，保持默认配置安装即可，默认安装的路径为：C:\Program Files\Cppcheck 。
将步骤一下载的 source code.zip解压，将根目录下的 addons 目录拷贝到安装目录。
然后将安装路径添加到系统路径 path 中，方便命令行直接使用命令。
2 创建配置文件
在存放安装包的目录下(其他路径也可以)创建一个misra.json 的文件，内容如下：
{"script": "misra.py","args": ["--rule-texts=D:/Software/Package/cppcheck/MISRA_C_2012.txt","--suppress-rules 17.3,21.12"]
}
同时准备一个misra-c 2012的规则文件 MISRA_C_2012.txt ：
Appendix A Summary of guidelines
Rule 1.1
The program shall contain no violations of the standard C syntax and constraints and shall not exceed the implementation's translation limits
Rule 1.2
Language extensions should not be used
Rule 1.3
There shall be no occurrence of undefined or critical unspecified behaviour
Rule 2.1
A project shall not contain unreachable code
Rule 2.2
There shall be no dead code
Rule 2.3
A project should not contain unused type declarations
Rule 2.4
A project should not contain unused tag declarations
Rule 2.5
A project should not contain unused macro declarations
Rule 2.6
A function should not contain unused label declarations
Rule 2.7
There should be no unused parameters in functions
Rule 3.1
The character sequences /* and // shall not be used within a comment
Rule 3.2
Line-splicing shall not be used in // comments
Rule 4.1
Octal and hexadecimal escape sequences shall be terminated
Rule 4.2
Trigraphs should not be used
Rule 5.1
External identifiers shall be distinct
Rule 5.2
Identifiers declared in the same scope and name space shall be distinct
Rule 5.3
An identifier declared in an inner scope shall not hide an identifier declared in an outer scope
Rule 5.4
Macro identifiers shall be distinct
Rule 5.5
Identifiers shall be distinct from macro names
Rule 5.6
A typedef name shall be a unique identifier
Rule 5.7
A tag name shall be a unique identifier
Rule 5.8
Identifiers that define objects or functions with external linkage shall be unique
Rule 5.9
Identifiers that define objects or functions with internal linkage should be unique
Rule 6.1
Bit-fields shall only be declared with an appropriate type
Rule 6.2
Single-bit named bit fields shall not be of a signed type
Rule 7.1
Octal constants shall not be used
Rule 7.2
A u or U suffix shall be applied to all integer constants that are represented in an unsigned type
Rule 7.3
The lowercase character l shall not be used in a literal suffix
Rule 7.4
A string literal shall not be assigned to an object unless the object's type is pointer to const-qualified char
Rule 8.1
Types shall be explicitly specified
Rule 8.2
Function types shall be in prototype form with named parameters
Rule 8.3
All declarations of an object or function shall use the same names and type qualifiers
Rule 8.4
A compatible declaration shall be visible when an object or function with external linkage is defined
Rule 8.5
An external object or function shall be declared once in one and only one file
Rule 8.6
An identifier with external linkage shall have exactly one external definition
Rule 8.7
Functions and objects should not be defined with external linkage if they are referenced in only one translation unit
Rule 8.8
The static storage class specifier shall be used in all declarations of objects and functions that have internal linkage
Rule 8.9
An object should be defined at block scope if its identifier only appears in a single function
Rule 8.10
An inline function shall be declared with the static storage class
Rule 8.11
When an array with external linkage is declared its size should be explicitly specified
Rule 8.12
Within an enumerator list the value of an implicitly-specified enumeration constant shall be unique
Rule 8.13
A pointer should point to a const-qualified type whenever possible
Rule 8.14
The restrict type qualifier shall not be used
Rule 9.1
The value of an object with automatic storage duration shall not be read before it has been set
Rule 9.2
The initializer for an aggregate or union shall be enclosed in braces
Rule 9.3
Arrays shall not be partially initialized
Rule 9.4
An element of an object shall not be initialized more than once
Rule 9.5
Where designated initializers are used to initialize an array object the size of the array shall be specified explicitly
Rule 10.1
Operands shall not be of an inappropriate essential type
Rule 10.2
Expressions of essentially character type shall not be used inappropriately in addition and subtraction operations
Rule 10.3
The value of an expression shall not be assigned to an object with anarrower essential type or of a different essential type category
Rule 10.4
Both operands of an operator in which the usual arithmetic conversions are performed shall have the same essential type category
Rule 10.5
The value of an expression should not be cast to an inappropriate essential type
Rule 10.6
The value of a composite expression shall not be assigned to an objectwith wider essential type
Rule 10.7
If a composite expression is used as one operand of an operator in which the usual arithmetic conversions are performed then the other operand shall not have wider essential type
Rule 10.8
The value of a composite expression shall not be cast to a different essential type category or a wider essential type
Rule 11.1
Conversions shall not be performed between a pointer to a function and any other type
Rule 11.2
Conversions shall not be performed between a pointer to an incomplete type and any other type
Rule 11.3
A cast shall not be performed between a pointer to object type and a pointer to a different object type
Rule 11.4
A conversion should not be performed between a pointer to object and an integer type
Rule 11.5
A conversion should not be performed from pointer to void into pointer to object
Rule 11.6
A cast shall not be performed between pointer to void and an arithmetic type
Rule 11.7
A cast shall not be performed between pointer to object and a non-integer arithmetic type
Rule 11.8
A cast shall not remove any const or volatile qualification from the type pointed to by a pointer
Rule 11.9
The macro NULL shall be the only permitted form of integer null pointer constant
Rule 12.1
The precedence of operators within expressions should be made explicit
Rule 12.2
The right hand operand of a shift operator shall lie in the range zero to one less than the width in bits of the essential type of the left hand operand
Rule 12.3
The comma operator should not be used
Rule 12.4
Evaluation of constant expressions should not lead to unsigned integer wrap-around
Rule 13.1
Initializer lists shall not contain persistent side effects
Rule 13.2
The value of an expression and its persistent side effects shall be the same under all permitted evaluation orders
Rule 13.3
A full expression containing an increment (++) or decrement (--) operator should have no other potential side effects other than that caused by the increment or decrement operator
Rule 13.4
The result of an assignment operator should not be used
Rule 13.5
The right hand operand of a logical && or || operator shall not contain persistent side effects
Rule 13.6
The operand of the sizeof operator shall not contain any expression which has potential side effects
Rule 14.1
A loop counter shall not have essentially floating type
Rule 14.2
A for loop shall be well-formed
Rule 14.3
Controlling expressions shall not be invariant
Rule 14.4
The controlling expression of an if statement and the controlling expression of an iteration-statement shall have essentially Boolean type
Rule 15.1
The goto statement should not be used
Rule 15.2
The goto statement shall jump to a label declared later in the same function
Rule 15.3
Any label referenced by a goto statement shall be declared in the same block or in any block enclosing the goto statement
Rule 15.4
There should be no more than one break or goto statement used to terminate any iteration statement
Rule 15.5
A function should have a single point of exit at the end
Rule 15.6
The body of an iteration-statement or a selection-statement shall be a compound-statement
Rule 15.7
All if ... else if constructs shall be terminated with an else statement
Rule 16.1
All switch statements shall be well-formed
Rule 16.2
A switch label shall only be used when the most closely-enclosing compound statement is the body of a switch statement
Rule 16.3
An unconditional break statement shall terminate every switch-clause
Rule 16.4
Every switch statement shall have a default label
Rule 16.5
A default label shall appear as either the first or the last switch label of a switch statement
Rule 16.6
Every switch statement shall have at least two switch-clauses
Rule 16.7
A switch-expression shall not have essentially Boolean type
Rule 17.1
The features of <stdarg.h> shall not be used
Rule 17.2
Functions shall not call themselves either directly or indirectly
Rule 17.3
A function shall not be declared implicitly
Rule 17.4
All exit paths from a function with non-void return type shall have an explicit return statement with an expression
Rule 17.5
The function argument corresponding to a parameter declared to have an array type shall have an appropriate number of elements
Rule 17.6
The declaration of an array parameter shall not contain the static keyword between the [ ]
Rule 17.7
The value returned by a function having non-void return type shall be used
Rule 17.8
A function parameter should not be modified
Rule 18.1
A pointer resulting from arithmetic on a pointer operand shall address an element of the same array as that pointer operand
Rule 18.2
Subtraction between pointers shall only be applied to pointers that address elements of the same array
Rule 18.3
The relational operators > >= < and <= shall not be applied to objects of pointer type except where they point into the same object
Rule 18.4
The + - += and -= operators should not be applied to an expression of pointer type
Rule 18.5
Declarations should contain no more than two levels of pointer nesting
Rule 18.6
The address of an object with automatic storage shall not be copied to another object that persists after the first object has ceased to exist
Rule 18.7
Flexible array members shall not be declared
Rule 18.8
Variable-length array types shall not be used
Rule 19.1
An object shall not be assigned or copied to an overlapping object
Rule 19.2
The union keyword should not be used
Rule 20.1
#include directives should only be preceded by preprocessor directives or comments
Rule 20.2
The ' or \ characters and the /* or // character sequences shall not occur in a header file name
Rule 20.3
The #include directive shall be followed by either a <filename> or filename sequence
Rule 20.4
A macro shall not be defined with the same name as a keyword
Rule 20.5
#undef should not be used
Rule 20.6
Tokens that look like a preprocessing directive shall not occur within amacro argument
Rule 20.7
Expressions resulting from the expansion of macro parameters shall be enclosed in parentheses
Rule 20.8
The controlling expression of a #if or #elif preprocessing directive shall evaluate to 0 or 1
Rule 20.9
All identifiers used in the controlling expression of #if or #elif preprocessing directives shall be #define'd before evaluation
Rule 20.10
The # and ## preprocessor operators should not be used
Rule 20.11
A macro parameter immediately following a # operator shall not immediately be followed by a ## operator
Rule 20.12
A macro parameter used as an operand to the # or ## operators which is itself subject to further macro replacement shall only be used as an operand to these operators
Rule 20.13
A line whose first token is # shall be a valid preprocessing directive
Rule 20.14
All #else #elif and #endif preprocessor directives shall reside in the same file as the #if #ifdef or #ifndef directive to which they are related
Rule 21.1
#define and #undef shall not be used on a reserved identifier or reserved macro name
Rule 21.2
A reserved identifier or macro name shall not be declared
Rule 21.3
The memory allocation and deallocation functions of <stdlib.h> shall not be used
Rule 21.4
The standard header file <setjmp.h> shall not be used
Rule 21.5
The standard header file <signal.h> shall not be used
Rule 21.6
The Standard Library input/output functions shall not be used
Rule 21.7
The atof atoi atol and atoll functions of <stdlib.h> shall not be used
Rule 21.8
The library functions abort exit getenv and system of <stdlib.h> shall not be used
Rule 21.9
The library functions bsearch and qsort of <stdlib.h> shall not be used
Rule 21.10
The Standard Library time and date functions shall not be used
Rule 21.11
The standard header file <tgmath.h> shall not be used
Rule 21.12
The exception handling features of <fenv.h> should not be used
Rule 22.1
All resources obtained dynamically by means of Standard Library functions shall be explicitly released
Rule 22.2
A block of memory shall only be freed if it was allocated by means of a Standard Library function
Rule 22.3
The same file shall not be open for read and write access at the same time on different streams
Rule 22.4
There shall be no attempt to write to a stream which has been opened as read-only
Rule 22.5
A pointer to a FILE object shall not be dereferenced
Rule 22.6
The value of a pointer to a FILE shall not be used after the associated stream has been closed
3 运行cppcheck命令
当前目录下准备一个测试用的.c文件main.c:
#include <stdio.h>int main(void)
{int buf[5] = {0, 1};buf[5] = 9;return 0;
}
执行命令：
注意： --enable=all 参数不能省略。
cppcheck --enable=all --addon=D:/Software/Package/cppcheck/misra.json main.c
将扫描结果输出到xml文件中：
cppcheck --enable=all --addon=D:/Software/Package/cppcheck/misra.json main.c --output-file=test_report.xml --output-format=xml
