如何搭建一个服务平台_30岁学编程太晚了_西安网站建设公司_sem推广竞价托管

1、交换机常用属性

1、Name：交换机名称；就是一个字符串
2、Type：交换机类型，direct, topic, fanout, headers四种
3、Durability：持久化，声明交换机是否持久化，代表交换机在服务器重启后是否还存在；
4、Auto delete：是否自动删除，曾经有队列绑定到该交换机，后来解绑了，那就会自动删除该交换机；
5、Internal：内部使用的，如果是yes，客户端无法直接发消息到此交换机，它只能用于交换机与交换机的绑定。
6、Arguments：只有一个取值alternate-exchange，表示备用交换机；

2、交换机(Exchange)的持久化属性

交换机默认是持久化的，即创建后重启rabbitmq服务器交换机也不会丢失。

2.1、RabbitConfig配置类（关键代码）

package com.power.config;import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {@Value("${my.exchangeName}")private String exchangeName;@Value("${my.queueName}")private String queueName;//创建交换机@Beanpublic DirectExchange directExchange(){return ExchangeBuilder //交换机默认是持久化的.directExchange(exchangeName).durable(false) //durable值默认是true，如果此处设置为false,那么Rabbitmq服务器重启后交换机就不会持久化，会自动删除.build();}//创建队列@Beanpublic Queue queue(){return QueueBuilder.durable(queueName).build();}@Beanpublic Binding binding(DirectExchange exchangeName,Queue queueName){return BindingBuilder.bind(queueName).to(exchangeName).with("info");}
}

2.2、发送消息

package com.power.service;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.Date;@Service
@Slf4j
public class MessageService {@Resourceprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;@Value("${my.exchangeName}")private String exchangeName;@Beanpublic void sendMsg(){Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody("hello world".getBytes()).build();rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName,"info",message);log.info("消息发送完毕，发送时间是："+new Date());}
}

2.3、启动类

package com.power;import com.power.service.MessageService;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import javax.annotation.Resource;@SpringBootApplication
public class Application implements ApplicationRunner {@Resourceprivate MessageService messageService;public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(Application.class);}@Overridepublic void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {messageService.sendMsg();}
}

2.4、application.yml配置文件

server:port: 8080
spring:application:name: rabbit_10_exchange_properties01rabbitmq:host: 你的服务器IPport: 5672username: 你的账号password: 你的密码virtual-host: powermy:exchangeName: exchange.properties.01queueName: queue.properties.01

2.5、pom.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.power</groupId><artifactId>rabbit_10_exchange_properties01</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><name>rabbit_10_exchange_properties01</name><properties><maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.6.13</version><relativePath/></parent><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><version>1.18.24</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build></project>

2.6、测试

先启动服务，然后登录rabbitmq服务器查看，发现新创建的交换机并没有被持久化。
关闭rabbitmq服务器，再重新rabbitmq

登录rabbitmq后台，查看刚刚创建的交换机不见了

3、交换机(Exchange)的自动删除属性

如果解绑了队列和交换机，即没有队列和交换机进行绑定时，默认情况下，交换机不会自动删除的；
当设置了该属性的时候，我们解绑队列和交换机的话，交换机会自动删除的。

3.1、RabbitConfig配置类（关键代码）

package com.power.config;import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {@Value("${my.exchangeName}")private String exchangeName;@Value("${my.queueName}")private String queueName;//创建交换机@Beanpublic DirectExchange directExchange(){return ExchangeBuilder //交换机默认不是自动删除的。即如果队列和交换机解绑，默认情况下不会自动删除交换机.directExchange(exchangeName).autoDelete()//不设该值是默认不自动删除，设完后自动删除。.build();}//创建队列@Beanpublic Queue queue(){return QueueBuilder.durable(queueName).build();}@Beanpublic Binding binding(DirectExchange exchangeName,Queue queueName){return BindingBuilder.bind(queueName).to(exchangeName).with("info");}
}

3.2、发送消息

代码同上

3.3、启动类

代码同上

3.4、application.yml配置文件

server:port: 8080
spring:application:name: rabbit_10_exchange_properties01rabbitmq:host: 你的服务器IPport: 5672username: 你的账号password: 你的密码virtual-host: powermy:exchangeName: exchange.properties.02queueName: queue.properties.02

3.5、pom.xml配置文件

同上

3.6、测试

先启动服务，然后登录rabbitmq服务器查看，发现新创建的交换机自动删除属性是true。

进入该交换机，尝试解绑交换机和队列

解绑完成后，回到交换机列表页面，发现交换机exchange.properties.02自动删除了

4、备用交换机

4.1、使用场景

当消息经过交换器准备路由给队列的时候，发现没有对应的队列可以投递信息，在rabbitmq中会默认丢弃消息，如果我们想要监测哪些消息被投递到没有对应的队列，我们可以用备用交换机来实现，可以接收备用交换机的消息，然后记录日志或发送报警信息。

说明：
1、生产者发送消息给正常交换机（交换机类型为直连）；
2、正常情况下，直连交换机接收到消息，根据生产者发送时的路由key将消息发送至正常队列；
3、正常队列接收到消息；
4、如果生产者发送消息时的路由key为info111,而正常交换机和正常队列绑定的路由key是info，那么此时的消息不会进入正常队列，而是会进入备份交换机里;
5、备份交换机接收到消息，交换机类型是扇形，会发送给备份队列；
6、消费者监听备份队列，如果备份队列有值，说明生产者发送的消息没有正常传递，此时消费者一旦监听到备份队列里头有值，就应该通过邮件，短信、记录日志等方式提醒系统运维人员。

4.2、代码还原场景

4.2.1、生产者

4.2.1.1、RabbitConfig配置类（关键）

package com.power.config;import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {@Value("${my.exchangeNormalName}")private String exchangeNormalName;@Value("${my.exchangeAlternateName}")private String exchangeAlternateName;@Value("${my.queueNormalName}")private String queueNormalName;@Value("${my.queueAlternateName}")private String queueAlternateName;//创建正常交换机@Beanpublic DirectExchange directExchange(){return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange(exchangeNormalName).alternate(exchangeAlternateName) //设置备用交换机.build();}//创建正常队列@Beanpublic Queue queueNormal(){return QueueBuilder.durable(queueNormalName).build();}//正常交换机和正常队列绑定@Beanpublic Binding binding(DirectExchange directExchange,Queue queueNormal){return BindingBuilder.bind(queueNormal).to(directExchange).with("info");}//创建备份交换机@Beanpublic FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){return ExchangeBuilder.fanoutExchange(exchangeAlternateName).build();}//创建备份队列@Beanpublic Queue queueAlternate(){return QueueBuilder.durable(queueAlternateName).build();}//绑定备份交换机和备份队列@Beanpublic Binding bindingAlternate(FanoutExchange fanoutExchange,Queue queueAlternate){return BindingBuilder.bind(queueAlternate).to(fanoutExchange);}
}

4.2.1.2、application.yml

server:port: 8080
spring:application:name: rabbit_10_exchange03_alternaterabbitmq:host: 你的服务器IPport: 5672username: 你的账号password: 你的密码virtual-host: powermy:exchangeNormalName: exchange.normal.02          #正常交换机exchangeAlternateName: exchange.alternate.02    #备份交换机queueNormalName: queue.normal.02                #正常队列queueAlternateName: queue.alternate.02          #备份队列

4.2.1.3、发送消息

为了测试消息发送失败的场景，此处发送时的路由key设置为错的

package com.power.service;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.Date;@Service
@Slf4j
public class SendMessageService {@Resourceprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;@Value("${my.exchangeNormalName}")private String exchangeNormalName;@Beanpublic void sendMsg(){Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody("hello world".getBytes()).build();rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeNormalName,"info111",message);log.info("向正常交换机消息发送完毕，发送时间是：{}",new Date());}
}

4.2.1.4、启动类

package com.power;import com.power.service.SendMessageService;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import javax.annotation.Resource;@SpringBootApplication
public class Application implements ApplicationRunner {@Resourceprivate SendMessageService messageService;public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(Application.class);}@Overridepublic void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {messageService.sendMsg();}
}

4.2.1.5、配置文件pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.power</groupId><artifactId>rabbit_10_exchange03_alternate</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><name>rabbit_10_exchange03_alternate</name><properties><maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.6.13</version><relativePath/></parent><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><version>1.18.24</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build></project>

4.2.2、消费者

4.2.2.1、监听类（监听消息发送）

package com.power.service;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.util.Date;@Component
@Slf4j
public class ReceiveMessageService {@RabbitListener(queues={"queue.alternate.02"})public void getMsg(Message message){byte[] body = message.getBody();String msg = new String(body);log.info("监听到备份队列的消息："+msg+",接收的时间是："+new Date());}
}

4.2.2.2、启动类

package com.power;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(Application.class);}}

4.2.2.3、配置文件application.yml

server:port: 9090
spring:application:name: rabbit_10_exchange04_alternate_getMsgrabbitmq:host: 你的rabbitmq服务器IPport: 5672username: 你的账号password: 你的密码virtual-host: power

4.2.2.4、配置文件pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.power</groupId><artifactId>rabbit_10_exchange04_alternate_getMsg</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><name>rabbit_10_exchange04_alternate_getMsg</name><properties><maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.6.13</version><relativePath/></parent><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><version>1.18.24</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build></project>

4.3、测试

先启动生产者发送消息：

登录rabbitmq后台可以看到，消息并没有进入正常队列，因为生产者发送消息时制度的路由key跟正常交换机和正常队列绑定的路由key是不一样的，所以消息经由备份交换机进入了备份队列。

此时启动消费者，监听备份队列，我们呢发现，消费者从备份队列中读取到了消息。验证了上边说的，消息进入了备份队列。