下面为你提供使用C#实现RabbitMQ消息持久化的完整代码示例:
using RabbitMQ.Client;
using System.Text;class MessageProducer
{static void Main(){// 创建连接工厂var factory = new ConnectionFactory() { HostName = "localhost" };// 创建连接和通道using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection())using (var channel = connection.CreateModel()){// 声明持久化交换机channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "persistent_exchange",type: ExchangeType.Direct,durable: true, // 设置为持久化autoDelete: false,arguments: null);// 声明持久化队列channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "persistent_queue",durable: true, // 设置为持久化exclusive: false,autoDelete: false,arguments: null);// 绑定队列到交换机channel.QueueBind(queue: "persistent_queue",exchange: "persistent_exchange",routingKey: "persistent_key");// 准备消息内容string message = "Hello, persistent message!";var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);// 设置消息属性为持久化var properties = channel.CreateBasicProperties();properties.Persistent = true; // 消息持久化的关键设置// 发布持久化消息channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "persistent_exchange",routingKey: "persistent_key",basicProperties: properties,body: body);Console.WriteLine(" [x] Sent '{0}'", message);}Console.WriteLine(" Press [enter] to exit.");Console.ReadLine();}
}
消费者端代码如下:
using RabbitMQ.Client;
using RabbitMQ.Client.Events;
using System.Text;class MessageConsumer
{static void Main(){var factory = new ConnectionFactory() { HostName = "localhost" };using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection())using (var channel = connection.CreateModel()){// 声明持久化队列(需与生产者一致)channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "persistent_queue",durable: true,exclusive: false,autoDelete: false,arguments: null);// 创建消费者并设置自动确认模式var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>{var body = ea.Body.ToArray();var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(body);Console.WriteLine(" [x] Received '{0}'", message);};// 启动消费者channel.BasicConsume(queue: "persistent_queue",autoAck: true,consumer: consumer);Console.WriteLine(" Press [enter] to exit.");Console.ReadLine();}}
}
关键配置说明
- 交换机持久化:在
ExchangeDeclare
方法中,将durable
参数设为true
。 - 队列持久化:在
QueueDeclare
方法中,把durable
参数设置为true
。 - 消息持久化:
- 创建
IBasicProperties
对象。 - 将
Persistent
属性设为true
。 - 在发布消息时传入该属性对象。
- 创建
依赖安装
要运行上述代码,需先通过NuGet安装RabbitMQ客户端库:
Install-Package RabbitMQ.Client
注意事项
- 只有当交换机、队列和消息这三个方面都配置为持久化时,才能保证在RabbitMQ重启后消息不会丢失。
- 若队列未被声明为持久化,那么即使消息被标记为持久化,在RabbitMQ重启后,该队列及其包含的消息也会丢失。
- 消息持久化会带来一些性能开销,因为消息需要被写入磁盘。
- 建议在生产者和消费者两端都声明队列和交换机,以确保它们的配置一致。