在Linux（以Ubuntu为例）环境下，使用Visual Studio Code（简称VS Code）配置C/C++项目以调用OpenCV库，需要经过几个关键步骤。以下是详细的操作指南，旨在帮助您顺利设置开发环境。
1. 安装必要的软件包
安装VS Code
首先确保您已经安装了VS Code。如果尚未安装，可以通过终端命令安装：
sudo apt update
sudo apt install code
安装GCC/G++编译器
OpenCV的C++开发需要GCC/G++编译器。通常Ubuntu系统自带这些编译器，但如果没有，可以通过以下命令安装：
sudo apt install build-essential
2. 安装CMake
OpenCV的编译和安装依赖于CMake。使用以下命令安装CMake：
sudo apt install cmake
3. 下载并编译OpenCV
下载OpenCV源代码
访问OpenCV官方网站或GitHub仓库下载最新版的OpenCV和OpenCV_contrib源代码。假设您下载到了 ~/Downloads目录下：
cd ~/Downloads
wget -O opencv.zip https://github.com/opencv/opencv/archive/4.x.zip
wget -O opencv_contrib.zip https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/archive/4.x.zip
unzip opencv.zip
unzip opencv_contrib.zip
mv opencv-4.x opencv
mv opencv_contrib-4.x opencv_contrib
请将上述命令中的 4.x替换为实际版本号。
配置与编译
创建一个构建目录并进入：
mkdir build && cd build
使用CMake配置OpenCV，确保指定了OpenCV_contrib的位置：
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \-D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=~/Downloads/opencv_contrib/modules \-D ENABLE_NEON=ON \-D ENABLE_VFPV3=ON \-D BUILD_TESTS=OFF \-D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=OFF \-D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON \-D BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF ..
之后，编译并安装OpenCV：
make -j$(nproc)
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig
4. 配置VS Code
安装C/C++插件
在VS Code中，打开扩展市场，搜索并安装“C/C++”插件，该插件由Microsoft提供，用于增强C/C++语言支持。
创建工作区和项目
在您想要存放项目的目录下，创建一个新的文件夹，然后在VS Code中通过“文件 -> 打开文件夹...”打开此目录。
配置c_cpp_properties.json
在工作区中，通过 .vscode目录下的 c_cpp_properties.json文件配置编译器路径和包含目录：
{"configurations": [{"name": "Linux","includePath": ["${workspaceFolder}/**","/usr/local/include","/usr/local/include/opencv4"],"defines": [],"compilerPath": "/usr/bin/g++","cStandard": "c11","cppStandard": "c++17","intelliSenseMode": "gcc-x64"}],"version": 4
}
配置tasks.json
为了方便编译和运行程序，创建一个 tasks.json文件来定义编译任务：
{"version": "2.0.0","tasks": [{"type": "shell","label": "Build with g++","command": "/usr/bin/g++","args": ["-g","${file}","-o","${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}","-I/usr/local/include/opencv4","-L/usr/local/lib","-lopencv_core","-lopencv_highgui","-lopencv_imgproc"],"options": {"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}"},"problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],"group": {"kind": "build","isDefault": true}}]
}
配置launch.json
为了调试，配置 launch.json文件：
{"version": "0.2.0","configurations": [{"name": "C++ Launch (GDB)","type": "cppdbg","request": "launch","program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}","args": [],"stopAtEntry": false,"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}","environment": [],"externalConsole": true,"MIMode": "gdb","setupCommands": [{"description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb","text": "-enable-pretty-printing","ignoreFailures": true}],"preLaunchTask": "Build with g++"}]
}
5. 测试项目
现在，您可以编写一个简单的OpenCV测试程序，比如显示一张图片：
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>int main(int argc, char** argv) {cv::Mat img = cv::imread("test.jpg");if(img.empty()) {std::cout << "Could not open or find the image" << std::endl;return -1;}cv::imshow("Display window", img);cv::waitKey(0); // Wait for a keystroke in the windowreturn 0;
}
保存文件后，按下F5启动调试，如果一切配置正确，您应该能看到图像显示窗口。
通过以上步骤，您已经成功在Ubuntu系统下的VS Code中配置了C/C++项目环境，并能够调用OpenCV库进行开发。请确保每一步都按照您的系统实际情况进行适当调整。
