在 Linux 上使用 Docker 部署 Kafka 集群的步骤如下
1. 准备工作
确保已安装：
Docker
Docker Compose
2. 创建 Docker Compose 文件 (docker-compose.yml)
version: '3.8'services:zookeeper:image: wurstmeister/zookeepercontainer_name: zookeeperports:- "2181:2181"networks:- kafka-netvolumes:- ./zookeeper/data:/dataenvironment:ZOOKEEPER_CLIENT_PORT: 2181kafka1:image: wurstmeister/kafkacontainer_name: kafka1ports:- "9092:9092"environment:KAFKA_BROKER_ID: 1KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: zookeeper:2181KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS: INSIDE://kafka1:9093,OUTSIDE://宿主机IP:9092KAFKA_LISTENER_SECURITY_PROTOCOL_MAP: INSIDE:PLAINTEXT,OUTSIDE:PLAINTEXTKAFKA_LISTENERS: INSIDE://0.0.0.0:9093,OUTSIDE://0.0.0.0:9092KAFKA_INTER_BROKER_LISTENER_NAME: INSIDEKAFKA_AUTO_CREATE_TOPICS_ENABLE: "false"KAFKA_OFFSETS_TOPIC_REPLICATION_FACTOR: 3volumes:- ./kafka1/data:/kafka- /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.socknetworks:- kafka-netdepends_on:- zookeeperkafka2:image: wurstmeister/kafkacontainer_name: kafka2ports:- "9093:9093"environment:KAFKA_BROKER_ID: 2KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: zookeeper:2181KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS: INSIDE://kafka2:9094,OUTSIDE://宿主机IP:9093KAFKA_LISTENER_SECURITY_PROTOCOL_MAP: INSIDE:PLAINTEXT,OUTSIDE:PLAINTEXTKAFKA_LISTENERS: INSIDE://0.0.0.0:9094,OUTSIDE://0.0.0.0:9093KAFKA_INTER_BROKER_LISTENER_NAME: INSIDEKAFKA_AUTO_CREATE_TOPICS_ENABLE: "false"KAFKA_OFFSETS_TOPIC_REPLICATION_FACTOR: 3volumes:- ./kafka2/data:/kafka- /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.socknetworks:- kafka-netdepends_on:- zookeeperkafka3:image: wurstmeister/kafkacontainer_name: kafka3ports:- "9094:9094"environment:KAFKA_BROKER_ID: 3KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: zookeeper:2181KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS: INSIDE://kafka3:9095,OUTSIDE://宿主机IP:9094KAFKA_LISTENER_SECURITY_PROTOCOL_MAP: INSIDE:PLAINTEXT,OUTSIDE:PLAINTEXTKAFKA_LISTENERS: INSIDE://0.0.0.0:9095,OUTSIDE://0.0.0.0:9094KAFKA_INTER_BROKER_LISTENER_NAME: INSIDEKAFKA_AUTO_CREATE_TOPICS_ENABLE: "false"KAFKA_OFFSETS_TOPIC_REPLICATION_FACTOR: 3volumes:- ./kafka3/data:/kafka- /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.socknetworks:- kafka-netdepends_on:- zookeepernetworks:kafka-net:driver: bridge
关键配置说明
- 网络架构
networks:kafka-net:driver: bridge
所有服务使用同一个自定义网络 kafka-net，确保容器间通过服务名称通信
- Zookeeper 配置
volumes:- ./zookeeper/data:/data # 数据持久化路径
environment:ZOOKEEPER_CLIENT_PORT: 2181
- Kafka 节点配置
environment:# 监听器配置（核心）# 如果外部连接监听消费的话 # KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS : INSIDE://kafka1:9093,OUTSIDE://localhost:9092需要修改为# KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS : INSIDE://kafka1:9093,OUTSIDE://宿主机IP:9092KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS: INSIDE://kafka1:9093,OUTSIDE://宿主机IP:9092KAFKA_LISTENER_SECURITY_PROTOCOL_MAP: INSIDE:PLAINTEXT,OUTSIDE:PLAINTEXTKAFKA_LISTENERS: INSIDE://0.0.0.0:9093,OUTSIDE://0.0.0.0:9092KAFKA_INTER_BROKER_LISTENER_NAME: INSIDE# 其他重要参数KAFKA_AUTO_CREATE_TOPICS_ENABLE: "false" # 禁止自动创建主题KAFKA_OFFSETS_TOPIC_REPLICATION_FACTOR: 3 # 确保高可用
- 端口映射规则
| 节点 | 节点 | 宿主机端口 | 宿主机端口 |
|---|---|---|---|
| kafka1 | 9093 | 9092 | 集群内部通信 |
| kafka1 | 9092 | 9092 | 外部客户端访问 |
| kafka2 | 9094 | 9093 | 集群内部通信 |
| kafka2 | 9093 | 9093 | 外部客户端访问 |
| kafka3 | 9095 | 9094 | 集群内部通信 |
| kafka3 | 9094 | 9094 | 外部客户端访问 |
操作流程
- 启动集群
mkdir -p {zookeeper,kafka1,kafka2,kafka3}/data
docker-compose up -d
- 验证集群状态
# 查看 Kafka 日志
docker logs kafka1# 进入容器检查 brokers
docker exec -it kafka1 bash
/opt/kafka/bin/kafka-broker-api-versions --bootstrap-server kafka1:9093
- 创建测试主题
docker exec -it kafka1 bash
/opt/kafka/bin/kafka-topics.sh --create \--topic test-topic \--partitions 3 \--replication-factor 3 \--bootstrap-server kafka1:9093
- 生产消费测试
# 生产者（使用外部端口）
docker exec -it kafka1 bash
/opt/kafka/bin/kafka-console-producer.sh \--topic test-topic \--bootstrap-server localhost:9092# 消费者（使用另一个节点）
docker exec -it kafka2 bash
/opt/kafka/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh \--topic test-topic \--from-beginning \--bootstrap-server localhost:9093
常见问题排查
- Kafka 节点无法启动
检查 KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS 配置
验证 Zookeeper 连接：
docker exec -it kafka1 bash
nc -zv zookeeper 2181
- 外部客户端无法连接
检查宿主机防火墙设置
确认使用外部监听器：
kafka-topics.sh --list --bootstrap-server localhost:9092
- 数据持久化失败
确保挂载目录有写权限：
chmod -R a+rw ./kafka1/data ./kafka2/data ./kafka3/data
高级配置建议
- 调整 JVM 参数
在环境变量中添加：
KAFKA_HEAP_OPTS: "-Xmx2G -Xms2G"
- 启用 SSL 加密
KAFKA_LISTENER_SECURITY_PROTOCOL_MAP: INSIDE:SSL,OUTSIDE:SSL
KAFKA_SSL_KEYSTORE_LOCATION: /kafka/keystore/kafka.jks
KAFKA_SSL_KEYSTORE_PASSWORD: yourpassword
- 集成监控
# 新增 Prometheus 服务
kafka-exporter:image: danielqsj/kafka-exporterports:- "9308:9308"environment:KAFKA_BROKERS: "kafka1:9093,kafka2:9094,kafka3:9095"networks:- kafka-net
