2. Oracle网络服务
2.1 默认监听进程
如果客户端想要连接数据库并管理数据库，需要在服务器端开启监听服务，默认监听的进程LISTENER：
[oracle@ora-server ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
[oracle@ora-server admin]$ ll
total 16
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 334 Nov 16 16:16 listener.ora
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 64 Nov 15 15:17 samples
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1441 Aug 28 2015 shrept.lst
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 198 Nov 16 16:16 sqlnet.ora
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 406 Nov 16 16:18 tnsnames.ora[oracle@ora-server admin]$ vim listener.ora
LISTENER =(DESCRIPTION_LIST =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora-server)(PORT = 1521))(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))))
默认监听进程的管理
[oracle@ora-server admin]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 18-NOV-2022 15:16:03Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ora-server)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 17-NOV-2022 09:30:59
Uptime 1 days 5 hr. 45 min. 4 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ora-server/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ora-server)(PORT=1521)))(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=ora-server)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully[oracle@ora-server admin]$ lsnrctl stopLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 18-NOV-2022 15:16:59Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ora-server)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfully
[oracle@ora-server admin]$ lsnrctl statusLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 18-NOV-2022 15:17:05Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ora-server)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listenerTNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter errorTNS-00511: No listenerLinux Error: 111: Connection refused
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listenerTNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter errorTNS-00511: No listenerLinux Error: 2: No such file or directory[oracle@ora-server admin]$ lsnrctl startLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 18-NOV-2022 15:17:19Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ora-server/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ora-server)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ora-server)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 18-NOV-2022 15:17:19
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 1 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ora-server/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ora-server)(PORT=1521)))(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
web监控页面登陆：
先安装Flash插件，然后使用浏览器输入https://192.168.100.19:5500/em
Oracle SQL Developer数据库连接：
2.2 自定义监听进程
我们要连接Oracle数据库，需要知道三要素：服务器IP、端口号和库名
通常的做法是，不使用默认的监听进程，而创建一个自定义进程，然后把数据库指定给这个进程，这样可以实现不同的库使用不同的监听进程
- 通过修改配置的方式创建进程：
[oracle@ora-server admin]$ vim listener.ora # 定义监听进程
L1 =(DESCRIPTION_LIST =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.19.130)(PORT = 10000))))# 定义数据库映射
SID_LIST_L1 =(SID_LIST =(SID_DESC =(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1)(SID_NAME = orcl)))[oracle@ora-server admin]$ lsnrctl start L1LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 18-NOV-2022 15:20:39Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ora-server/l1/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.19.130)(PORT=10000)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC10000)))Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.19.130)(PORT=10000)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias L1
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 18-NOV-2022 15:20:39
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ora-server/l1/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.19.130)(PORT=10000)))(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC10000)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully- 通过图形化添加
通过Oracle登陆操作系统图形化界面，调出终端，输入netca，进入导航
完成后系统会直接将监听进程启动起来
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Configuring Listener:L2
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:Running Listener Control: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start L2Listener Control complete.Listener started successfully.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
在终端中输入netmgr，然后根据向导添加监听进程关联的数据库
