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以下是一个详细的 Webpack 5 配置示例，包含常见资源处理和性能优化方案：

const path = require('path');
const webpack = require('webpack');
const { BundleAnalyzerPlugin } = require('webpack-bundle-analyzer');
const TerserPlugin = require('terser-webpack-plugin');
const CssMinimizerPlugin = require('css-minimizer-webpack-plugin');
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require('mini-css-extract-plugin');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');module.exports = (env, argv) => {const isProduction = argv.mode === 'production';return {entry: './src/index.js',output: {path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),filename: isProduction ? 'js/[name].[contenthash:8].js' : 'js/[name].js',chunkFilename: isProduction? 'js/[name].[contenthash:8].chunk.js': 'js/[name].chunk.js',assetModuleFilename: 'assets/[hash][ext][query]',clean: true,},mode: isProduction ? 'production' : 'development',devtool: isProduction ? 'source-map' : 'eval-cheap-module-source-map',resolve: {extensions: ['.js', '.jsx', '.json'],alias: {'@': path.resolve(__dirname, 'src'),},modules: ['node_modules', path.resolve(__dirname, 'src')],},module: {rules: [// JavaScript/JSX 处理{test: /\.(js|jsx)$/,exclude: /node_modules/,use: {loader: 'babel-loader',options: {cacheDirectory: true,}}},// CSS 处理{test: /\.css$/,use: [isProduction ? MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader : 'style-loader',{loader: 'css-loader',options: {importLoaders: 1,modules: {auto: true,localIdentName: isProduction? '[hash:base64]': '[path][name]__[local]',},},},'postcss-loader',]},// 图片处理{test: /\.(png|jpe?g|gif|webp|svg)$/,type: 'asset',parser: {dataUrlCondition: {maxSize: 10 * 1024, // 10kb 以下转 base64}}},// 字体处理{test: /\.(woff2?|eot|ttf|otf)$/,type: 'asset/resource',},]},plugins: [new HtmlWebpackPlugin({template: './public/index.html',minify: isProduction,}),isProduction && new MiniCssExtractPlugin({filename: 'css/[name].[contenthash:8].css',chunkFilename: 'css/[name].[contenthash:8].chunk.css',}),new webpack.ProgressPlugin(),new BundleAnalyzerPlugin({analyzerMode: 'disabled', // 不自动打开generateStatsFile: true, // 生成 stats.json}),].filter(Boolean),optimization: {minimize: isProduction,minimizer: [new TerserPlugin({parallel: true,extractComments: false,terserOptions: {compress: {drop_console: true,}}}),new CssMinimizerPlugin(),],splitChunks: {chunks: 'all',cacheGroups: {vendor: {test: /[\\/]node_modules[\\/]/,name: 'vendors',chunks: 'all',},common: {minChunks: 2,name: 'common',chunks: 'all',priority: 10,reuseExistingChunk: true,}}},runtimeChunk: {name: entrypoint => `runtime-${entrypoint.name}`,},},performance: {maxEntrypointSize: 512 * 1024, // 512kbmaxAssetSize: 512 * 1024,hints: isProduction ? 'warning' : false,},devServer: {static: {directory: path.join(__dirname, 'public'),},compress: true,port: 3000,hot: true,historyApiFallback: true,client: {overlay: {errors: true,warnings: false,},},},};
};

主要优化配置解析：

1. 代码分割 (Code Splitting)

   • 通过 splitChunks 配置自动拆分第三方库(vendor)和公共代码
   • 单独提取 runtime 代码
   • 动态导入实现按需加载

2. 缓存策略

   • 输出文件名使用 [contenthash]
   • 使用 babel-loader 的 cacheDirectory
   • 使用 HardSourceWebpackPlugin (需单独安装)

3. 资源优化

   • 图片小于 10KB 转为 base64
   • 自动压缩 CSS 和 JS
   • 移除 console 语句
   • Tree Shaking (生产模式自动启用)

4. 构建性能优化

   • 使用 thread-loader 并行处理(需单独添加)
   • 缩小 loader 作用范围(exclude: /node_modules/)
   • 使用更快的 swc-loader 替代 babel(实验性)

5. 开发体验优化

   • 热模块替换(HMR)
   • 更快的 source-map 策略
   • 进度显示

6. 分析工具

   • 生成构建分析报告(stats.json)
   • 使用 webpack-bundle-analyzer

扩展优化建议：

1. PWA 支持

   const WorkboxPlugin = require('workbox-webpack-plugin');
   // 添加 plugins
   new WorkboxPlugin.GenerateSW({clientsClaim: true,skipWaiting: true,
   })
   

2. 预加载关键资源

   new HtmlWebpackPlugin({// ...preload: 'initial',prefetch: ['asyncChunk'],
   })
   

3. CDN 加速

   output: {publicPath: 'https://cdn.example.com/',
   }
   

4. DLL 加速构建

   new webpack.DllReferencePlugin({manifest: require('./dll/vendor-manifest.json')
   })
   

5. 多线程处理

   {test: /\.js$/,use: ['thread-loader','babel-loader']
   }
   

根据项目实际需求选择优化策略，建议通过以下命令分析构建结果：

npx webpack --profile --json > stats.json

然后使用 Webpack Analyse 或 webpack-bundle-analyzer 分析打包结果。