1.装饰者模式概念
允许在不修改原有类的情况下动态地为对象添加新的功能。它通过创建一个包装对象(即装饰器),并在运行时将这个包装对象附加到现有的对象上,从而达到扩展功能的目的。
2.装饰者的组成
1)抽象组件(Component)
抽象组件是一个接口或抽象类,定义了所有组件(包括具体组件和装饰器)的公共接口。
2)具体组件(Concrete Component)
具体组件实现了抽象组件接口中的方法,提供了基本的功能。
3)装饰器(Decorator)
装饰器也是一个接口或抽象类,继承自抽象组件接口。
4)具体装饰器(Concrete Decorator)
具体装饰器实现了装饰器接口中的方法,为被装饰的对象添加新的功能。
3.举个例子
想给自己的宠物狗(Concrete Component)穿衣服(Concrete Decorator)
想给自己的宠物狗(Concrete Component)穿衣服(Concrete Decorator)戴眼镜(Concrete Decorator)
如下图:
宠物猫===>衣服==》墨镜
4实现代码:
1)抽象组件
package org.xiji.Decorator;/*** 组件抽象类*/
public interface Component {/*** 父组件操作*/void introduce();
}
2)具体组件
猫
package org.xiji.Decorator;public class Cat implements Component {@Overridepublic void introduce() {System.out.println("这是一只猫");}
}
狗
package org.xiji.Decorator;public class Dog implements Component{@Overridepublic void introduce() {System.out.println("这是一只狗");}
}
3)装饰器
package org.xiji.Decorator;/*** 装饰器抽象类*/
public abstract class Decorator implements Component{/*** 包含组件接口*/Component component;public Decorator(Component component) {this.component = component;}/*** 调用父组件方法*/@Overridepublic void introduce() {component.introduce();}
}
4)具体装饰器
墨镜
package org.xiji.Decorator;/*** 墨镜*/
public class Sunglasses extends Decorator{public Sunglasses(Component component) {super(component);}@Overridepublic void introduce() {super.introduce();this.wearSunglasses();}public void wearSunglasses(){System.out.println("带墨镜");}
}
红色衣服
package org.xiji.Decorator;/*** 红色衣服*/
public class RedClothes extends Decorator{public RedClothes(Component component) {super(component);}@Overridepublic void introduce() {super.introduce();this.wearRedClothes();}/**** 穿一件红色的衣服*/public void wearRedClothes() {System.out.println("穿一件红色的衣服");}
}
蓝色衣服
package org.xiji.Decorator;public class BlueClothes extends Decorator{public BlueClothes(Component component) {super(component);}@Overridepublic void introduce() {super.introduce();this.wearBlueClothes();}/*** 穿了一键蓝色的衣服*/public void wearBlueClothes(){System.out.println("穿了一件蓝色的衣服");}}
5)测试类
package org.xiji.Decorator;/*** 装饰者模式测试类*/
public class DecoratorMain
{public static void main(String[] args) {Component dog = new Dog();dog.introduce();//dog ==> blueClothes ==> SunglassesSystem.out.println("=======================");System.out.println("给狗穿一件蓝色的衣服");dog = new BlueClothes(dog);dog.introduce();System.out.println("=======================");//把狗的衣服换下dog = new Dog();System.out.println("=======================");System.out.println("给狗穿上红色衣服");dog = new RedClothes(dog);System.out.println("给狗带上墨镜");dog = new Sunglasses(dog);dog.introduce();System.out.println("=======================");//创建一只宠物猫Component cat = new Cat();cat.introduce();System.out.println("=======================");System.out.println("给猫穿一件红色的衣服");cat = new RedClothes(cat);System.out.println("给猫带上墨镜");cat =new Sunglasses(cat);cat.introduce();System.out.println("=======================");}
}