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简介
Axon Framework是一个用于构建CQRS（命令查询职责分离）和事件溯源（Event Sourcing）应用的框架，而Spring Boot提供了快速开发能力。二者结合可高效实现高扩展性、可维护的分布式系统。
环境准备
- JDK 17+
- Spring Boot 3.2+
- Axon Framework 4.9+
- Maven/Gradle
步骤详解
1. 创建Spring Boot项目
使用start.spring.io生成基础项目，选择：
- Spring Web
- Lombok（可选）
2. 添加Axon依赖
<!-- pom.xml -->
<dependency><groupId>org.axonframework</groupId><artifactId>axon-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>4.9.0</version>
</dependency>
3. 配置Axon（可选）
# application.yml
axon:serializer:general: jacksoneventhandling:processors:default: tracking
示例：银行账户管理
1. 定义命令(Command)
// 开户命令
public record CreateAccountCommand(String accountId, int initialBalance) {}// 存款命令
public record DepositMoneyCommand(String accountId, int amount) {}// 取款命令
public record WithdrawMoneyCommand(String accountId, int amount) {}
2. 定义事件(Event)
// 账户创建事件
public record AccountCreatedEvent(String accountId, int initialBalance) {}// 存款事件
public record MoneyDepositedEvent(String accountId, int amount) {}// 取款事件
public record MoneyWithdrawnEvent(String accountId, int amount) {}
3. 创建聚合根(Aggregate)
@Aggregate
@Getter
@NoArgsConstructor
public class BankAccountAggregate {@AggregateIdentifierprivate String accountId;private int balance;@CommandHandlerpublic BankAccountAggregate(CreateAccountCommand command) {apply(new AccountCreatedEvent(command.accountId(), command.initialBalance()));}@CommandHandlerpublic void handle(DepositMoneyCommand command) {apply(new MoneyDepositedEvent(command.accountId(), command.amount()));}@CommandHandlerpublic void handle(WithdrawMoneyCommand command) {if (balance < command.amount()) {throw new InsufficientBalanceException();}apply(new MoneyWithdrawnEvent(command.accountId(), command.amount()));}@EventSourcingHandlerpublic void on(AccountCreatedEvent event) {this.accountId = event.accountId();this.balance = event.initialBalance();}@EventSourcingHandlerpublic void on(MoneyDepositedEvent event) {balance += event.amount();}@EventSourcingHandlerpublic void on(MoneyWithdrawnEvent event) {balance -= event.amount();}
}
4. 创建Query处理
@Service
public class AccountQueryService {private final Map<String, Integer> accounts = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();@EventHandlerpublic void on(AccountCreatedEvent event) {accounts.put(event.accountId(), event.initialBalance());}@EventHandlerpublic void on(MoneyDepositedEvent event) {accounts.computeIfPresent(event.accountId(), (k, v) -> v + event.amount());}@EventHandlerpublic void on(MoneyWithdrawnEvent event) {accounts.computeIfPresent(event.accountId(), (k, v) -> v - event.amount());}@QueryHandlerpublic Integer handle(GetBalanceQuery query) {return accounts.get(query.accountId());}
}
5. 创建REST接口
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/accounts")
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class AccountController {private final CommandGateway commandGateway;private final QueryGateway queryGateway;@PostMappingpublic CompletableFuture<String> createAccount(@RequestBody CreateAccountRequest request) {return commandGateway.send(new CreateAccountCommand(UUID.randomUUID().toString(),request.initialBalance()));}@GetMapping("/{accountId}/balance")public CompletableFuture<Integer> getBalance(@PathVariable String accountId) {return queryGateway.query(new GetBalanceQuery(accountId), Integer.class);}
}
运行与测试
- 启动Spring Boot应用
- 使用curl测试：
# 创建账户
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"initialBalance":1000}' http://localhost:8080/accounts# 查询余额（替换{accountId}）
curl http://localhost:8080/accounts/{accountId}/balance
关键配置说明
- 序列化配置：建议使用Jackson进行JSON序列化
- 事件存储：默认使用内存存储，生产环境可配置JPA或JDBC
- 分布式处理：通过
axon-distributed-command-bus实现命令总线扩展
扩展方向
- 添加JPA事件存储
- 集成Spring Security进行权限控制
- 配置Saga实现复杂事务
- 使用Axon Server进行集群管理
通过本教程，您已完成了一个基础的CQRS/ES系统实现。建议通过Axon Dashboard监控事件流，并逐步添加更复杂的业务逻辑。
