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python五子棋全代码

前言

  自2020年10月14日我首次公开完整的Java五子棋代码以来，时光已悄然流逝了近五个春秋。这期间，我从一名青涩的大学生蜕变成为拥有三年工作经验的全栈开发者，编程思维与技术水平均实现一定的提升。当我再次审视昔日亲手编写的Java五子棋代码时，不禁发现了诸多“屎山代码”，这些陈旧的代码宛如难以下咽的磐石，重写的难度无异于自我设障。于是，我一拍大腿，决定另起炉灶，这也正是本文诞生的契机。

  近期，我的笔触多聚焦于Python编程领域，尽管我的职业生涯主要围绕Java与Vue等技术栈展开。长期使用Java后，我在业余时间渴望寻求一种更为轻松愉悦的编程体验，Python便自然而然地成为了我的兴趣之选。其简洁高效的特点，让我能够迅速将创意转化为现实，无需过多繁琐的编码过程。

  接下来，就让我们一同见证我用Python重新打造的五子棋游戏吧。

效果图和功能

  部分效果图，其余功能大家自行探索。

1. 单机模式：两人面对面游玩。
2. 人机模式：挑战若智人机。
3. 联机模式：局域网联机。
4. 重开、悔棋、认输等基础操作。

项目结构

• main.py —— 启动程序
• MainWindow.py —— 主窗口
• UserInterface.py —— 用户界面绘制
• ButtonFunction.py —— 按钮相关函数
• MouseFunction.py —— 鼠标相关函数
• ProduceResult.py —— 判断对局结果
• AIAlgorithm.py —— 人机对战
• OnlineFunction.py —— 联机对战

源代码

main.py —— 启动程序

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplicationfrom MainWindow import MainWindowdef main():app = QApplication([])# 创建主窗口MainWindow()# 进入事件循环app.exec_()if __name__ == "__main__":main()

MainWindow.py —— 主窗口

import socketfrom PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QWidget, QApplicationfrom ButtonFunction import initButton, selectMode
from MouseFunction import containerMouseClicked, containerMouseMove
from UserInterface import initUI, drawChessboard# 主窗口
class MainWindow(QMainWindow):def __init__(self, parent=None):super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent)# 获取桌面尺寸self.desktop = QApplication.desktop()self.screen_rect = self.desktop.screenGeometry()# 设置主窗口比例self.main_width = int(self.screen_rect.width() * 0.45)self.main_height = int(self.screen_rect.height() * 0.55)# 设置主窗口位置self.main_move_x = (self.screen_rect.width() - self.main_width) // 2self.main_move_y = (self.screen_rect.height() - self.main_width) // 2# 状态栏self.status = self.statusBar()# 整体容器self.container = QWidget(self)# 重写鼠标点击事件self.container.mousePressEvent = self.containerMousePressEvent# 开启鼠标跟踪self.container.setMouseTracking(True)# 重新鼠标移入事件self.container.mouseMoveEvent = self.containerMouseMoveEvent# 正方形棋盘位置大小self.chessboard = 15self.chessboard_size = int(self.main_height * 0.9)self.chessboard_move = int(self.chessboard_size - self.chessboard_size * 0.95)self.chessboard_size_move = self.chessboard_size + self.chessboard_move# 正方形网格间距self.grid_size = self.chessboard_size / (self.chessboard - 1)# 按钮大小self.button_width = int(self.main_width * 0.2)self.button_height = int(self.main_height * 0.05)# 按钮位置self.button_x = self.chessboard_size_move + ((self.main_width - self.chessboard_size_move) / 2 - self.button_width / 2)self.button_y = self.main_height / 3# 棋子坐标self.chess_coord = []# 棋子颜色self.chess_color = True# 棋子大小self.chess_size = self.grid_size / 1.2# 预要落子的坐标self.advance_chess_coord = {}# 游戏模式 0：单机 1：人机 2：联机self.game_mode = 0# 服务端IPself.server_ip = ''# 服务端口self.server_port = 8080# TCP/IP服务器self.tcp_server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)# TCP/IP的socketself.tcp_socket = None# 在线对战 棋手 颜色self.chess_color_online = Noneself.player_ready = False# 初始化UIinitUI(self)# 初始化按钮initButton(self)self.show()# 选择游戏模式selectMode(self)# 重写绘图事件def paintEvent(self, event):drawChessboard(self)# 重写container的鼠标点击事件def containerMousePressEvent(self, event):containerMouseClicked(self, event)# 重写container的鼠标移入事件def containerMouseMoveEvent(self, event):containerMouseMove(self, event)

UserInterface.py —— 用户界面绘制

from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPen, QColor, QBrush, QPainter# 初始化UI
def initUI(self):# 主窗口大小self.resize(self.main_width, self.main_height)# 固定主窗口大小self.setFixedSize(self.width(), self.height())# 主窗口居中self.move(self.main_move_x, self.main_move_y)# 状态栏和标题self.status.showMessage('请开始游戏')self.setWindowTitle('五子棋')# 创建容器self.setCentralWidget(self.container)# 绘制棋盘
def drawChessboard(self):painter = QPainter(self)# 使用抗锯齿painter.setRenderHint(QPainter.Antialiasing)painter.setRenderHint(QPainter.HighQualityAntialiasing)# 设置画笔painter.setPen(QPen(QColor("black")))# 设置画刷painter.setBrush(QBrush(QColor("black")))# 绘制方格线for i in range(15):# 设置线的粗细pen = QPen(QColor("black"), 2) if i == 3 or i == 11 else QPen(QColor("black"), 1)painter.setPen(pen)# 纵向线painter.drawLine(self.grid_size * i + self.chessboard_move,self.chessboard_move,self.grid_size * i + self.chessboard_move,self.chessboard_size_move)# 横向线painter.drawLine(self.chessboard_move,self.grid_size * i + self.chessboard_move,self.chessboard_size_move,self.grid_size * i + self.chessboard_move)# 绘制四个点dot_move1 = self.grid_size * 3dot_move2 = self.grid_size * 11dot_move3 = self.grid_size * 7dot_size = 10points = [(dot_move1, dot_move1),(dot_move2, dot_move1),(dot_move2, dot_move2),(dot_move1, dot_move2),(dot_move3, dot_move3)]for x, y in points:x += self.chessboard_move - dot_size / 2y += self.chessboard_move - dot_size / 2painter.drawEllipse(x, y, dot_size, dot_size)# 绘制预落子if self.advance_chess_coord:drawChess(self, painter, self.advance_chess_coord)# 绘制棋子for coord in self.chess_coord:drawChess(self, painter, coord)# 绘制棋子
def drawChess(self, painter, coord):# 普通棋子brush = QBrush(QColor("black")) if coord.get('color', True) else QBrush(QColor("white"))# 胜利后棋子pen = QPen(QColor("yellow"), 2) if coord.get('outline', False) else QPen(QColor("black"), 1)# 预落下棋子if coord.get('calculate', False):brush = QBrush(QColor(0, 0, 0, 20))pen.setStyle(Qt.DashLine)painter.setBrush(brush)painter.setPen(pen)painter.drawEllipse(coord['x'] * self.grid_size + self.chessboard_move - self.chess_size / 2,coord['y'] * self.grid_size + self.chessboard_move - self.chess_size / 2,self.chess_size,self.chess_size)

ButtonFunction.py —— 按钮相关函数

from functools import partialfrom PyQt5.QtWidgets import QPushButton, QMessageBoxfrom AIAlgorithm import selectSquads
from OnlineFunction import selectSide# 初始化按钮
def initButton(self):buttons = [{'text': '选择模式','clicked': partial(selectMode, self)},{'text': '重新开始','clicked': partial(startGame, self)},{'text': '悔棋','clicked': partial(regret, self)},{'text': '认输','clicked': partial(giveUp, self)}]for i, info in enumerate(buttons):button = QPushButton(self.container)button.setText(info['text'])button.setGeometry(self.button_x, self.button_y + self.button_height * i, self.button_width,self.button_height)button.clicked.connect(partial(info['clicked']))# 选择模式
def selectMode(self):msg = QMessageBox(QMessageBox.Question, "选择", "请选择游戏模式")msg.addButton(self.tr("单机"), QMessageBox.AcceptRole)msg.addButton(self.tr("人机"), QMessageBox.AcceptRole)msg.addButton(self.tr("联机"), QMessageBox.AcceptRole)exit_button = msg.addButton(self.tr("退出"), QMessageBox.AcceptRole)self.game_mode = msg.exec_()if msg.clickedButton() == exit_button:exit()startGame(self)if self.game_mode == 2:selectSide(self)# 开始游戏
def startGame(self):self.chess_coord = []self.chess_color = Trueself.status.showMessage("等待黑方落子")self.update()if self.game_mode == 1:selectSquads(self)# 悔棋
def regret(self):if len(self.chess_coord) > 0:self.chess_coord.pop()if self.game_mode == 1 and len(self.chess_coord) > 0:self.chess_coord.pop()self.update()# 认输
def giveUp(self):QMessageBox.information(self, "游戏结束",f"{'黑方' if self.chess_color else '白方'}认输，恭喜{'黑方' if not self.chess_color else '白方'}胜利！",QMessageBox.Yes, QMessageBox.Yes)startGame(self)

MouseFunction.py —— 鼠标相关函数

import jsonimport numpy as npfrom AIAlgorithm import aiGame
from ProduceResult import checkWin# 计算棋子坐标
def calculateCoord(self, event):x = event.pos().x()y = event.pos().y()# 限制点击区域if x < self.chessboard_move - 10 or \x > self.chessboard_size_move + 10 or \y < self.chessboard_move - 10 \or y > self.chessboard_size_move + 10:return False# 计算落子位置x = np.round((x - self.chessboard_move) / self.grid_size)y = np.round((y - self.chessboard_move) / self.grid_size)# 判断位置上是否已有棋子if any(coord['x'] == x and coord['y'] == y for coord in self.chess_coord):return Falsereturn {'x': x, 'y': y, 'color': self.chess_color}# 重写后的container鼠标点击事件
def containerMouseClicked(self, event):if self.game_mode == 2 and not self.player_ready:returnif self.chess_color != self.chess_color_online and self.chess_color_online is not None:returncoord = calculateCoord(self, event)if coord:# 将棋子坐标添加到列表中self.chess_coord.append(coord)if self.game_mode == 2:self.tcp_socket.sendall(json.dumps(coord).encode('utf-8'))render(self)# 渲染当前棋子布局
def render(self):# 重绘self.update()# 判断是否胜利if checkWin(self):return# 切换颜色self.chess_color = not self.chess_colorself.status.showMessage(f"等待{'黑方' if self.chess_color else '白方'}落子")# 判断是否是人机模式if self.game_mode == 1:# AI行动aiGame(self)# 判断是否胜利if checkWin(self):return# 重绘self.update()# 重写后的container鼠标移动事件
def containerMouseMove(self, event):if self.game_mode == 2 and not self.player_ready:returnif self.chess_color != self.chess_color_online and self.chess_color_online is not None:self.advance_chess_coord = Noneself.update()returncoord = calculateCoord(self, event)if coord:coord['calculate'] = True# 将棋子坐标添加到列表中self.advance_chess_coord = coordself.update()

ProduceResult.py —— 判断对局结果

from itertools import product
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMessageBoxfrom ButtonFunction import startGame# 判断是否胜利
def checkWin(self):# 判断是否五子连珠linking_coords = checkLink(self)if linking_coords:color = linking_coords[-1]['color']QMessageBox.information(self, "游戏结束", f"恭喜{'黑方' if color else '白方'}胜利！",QMessageBox.Yes, QMessageBox.Yes)startGame(self)return True# 判断棋盘空间是否已满if len(self.chess_coord) == 225:QMessageBox.information(self, "游戏结束", f"棋盘已满，平局结束！",QMessageBox.Yes, QMessageBox.Yes)startGame(self)return Truereturn False# 计算连接数
def checkLink(self):if not self.chess_coord:return Falselast_coord = self.chess_coord[-1]directions = [(1, 0),  # 垂直方向(0, 1),  # 水平方向(1, 1),  # 右对角线(-1, 1)  # 左对角线]for direction, method in product(directions, range(5)):linking_coords = []for i in range(5):new_coord = {'x': last_coord['x'] + direction[0] * (i - method),'y': last_coord['y'] + direction[1] * (i - method),'color': last_coord['color']}if new_coord in self.chess_coord:new_coord['outline'] = Truelinking_coords.append(new_coord)if len(linking_coords) == 5:self.chess_coord.extend(linking_coords)self.update()return linking_coordsreturn False

AIAlgorithm.py —— 人机对战

from random import choiceimport numpy as np
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMessageBox# 选择阵容
def selectSquads(self):msg_squads = QMessageBox(QMessageBox.Question, "选择", "请选择您的阵容")msg_squads.addButton(self.tr("黑子"), QMessageBox.AcceptRole)white = msg_squads.addButton(self.tr("白子"), QMessageBox.AcceptRole)msg_squads.exec_()# 玩家选择白方，则人机执黑先行if msg_squads.clickedButton() == white:aiGame(self)# 人机对战AI算法
def aiGame(self):ai_coord = strategy(self)self.chess_coord.append({'x': ai_coord[0], 'y': ai_coord[1], 'color': self.chess_color})# 切换颜色self.chess_color = not self.chess_colorself.status.showMessage(f"等待{'黑方' if self.chess_color else '白方'}落子")# 开始计算
def strategy(self):# 将黑白坐标拆分 ([白方坐标],[黑方坐标])board = ([], [])for coord in self.chess_coord:if coord['color']:board[0].append((coord['x'], coord['y']))else:board[1].append((coord['x'], coord['y']))# 将坐标转换成二维数组 1: 我方 -1: 敌方 0: 空位table = np.zeros([self.chessboard, self.chessboard])for i in range(self.chessboard):for j in range(self.chessboard):if self.chess_color:if (i, j) in board[0]:table[i, j] = -1elif (i, j) in board[1]:table[i, j] = 1else:if (i, j) in board[0]:table[i, j] = 1elif (i, j) in board[1]:table[i, j] = -1# 判断自己是否先手if len(board[0]) == 0 and len(board[1]) == 0:return 7, 7else:score_table = {}for i in range(self.chessboard):for j in range(self.chessboard):if table[i, j] == 0:table[i, j] = 1score_table[(i, j)] = heuristic(self, table)table[i, j] = 0self_position = randomChoose(score_table)return self_position[0], self_position[1]# 计分规则
def score(five_tuple):if len(five_tuple) != 5:print("ERROR")return Noneif 1 in five_tuple and -1 in five_tuple:return 0elif sum(five_tuple) == 0:return 7elif sum(five_tuple) == -1:return -35elif sum(five_tuple) == -2:return -800elif sum(five_tuple) == -3:return -15000elif sum(five_tuple) == -4:return -800000elif sum(five_tuple) == -5:return -10000000elif sum(five_tuple) == 5:return 10000000elif sum(five_tuple) == 1:return 15elif sum(five_tuple) == 2:return 400elif sum(five_tuple) == 3:return 1800elif sum(five_tuple) == 4:return 100000# 计分
def heuristic(self, table):sum_score = 0for i in range(self.chessboard):for j in range(self.chessboard):if j + 4 < self.chessboard:sum_score += score(tuple(table[i, j:j + 5]))if i + 4 < self.chessboard:sum_score += score(tuple(table[i:i + 5, j]))if i + 4 < self.chessboard and j + 4 < self.chessboard:five_tuple = []for k in range(5):five_tuple.append(table[i + k, j + k])sum_score += score(tuple(five_tuple))if i + 4 < self.chessboard and j - 4 >= 0:five_tuple = []for k in range(5):five_tuple.append(table[i + k, j - k])sum_score += score(tuple(five_tuple))return sum_score# 选择最高分位置
def randomChoose(score_table):max_value = max(score_table.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])[1]positions = []for item in score_table.items():if item[1] == max_value:positions.append(item[0])return choice(positions)

OnlineFunction.py —— 联机对战

import json
import socket
import threading
from functools import partialimport pyperclip
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMessageBox, QInputDialog# 选择服务端或客户端
def selectSide(self):msg_side = QMessageBox(QMessageBox.Question, "选择", "请选择创建或进入房间")server_button = msg_side.addButton(self.tr("创建房间"), QMessageBox.AcceptRole)client_button = msg_side.addButton(self.tr("进入房间"), QMessageBox.AcceptRole)msg_side.exec_()if msg_side.clickedButton() == server_button:checkNetwork(self)extractIp(self)server(self)elif msg_side.clickedButton() == client_button:checkNetwork(self)client(self)# 检查网络连接
def checkNetwork(self):try:# 超时时间socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM).connect(('www.baidu.com', 80))except socket.error as ex:QMessageBox.critical(self, "网络连接异常", "当前网络不可用，请检查您的网络状态\n" + str(ex))selectSide(self)# 获取IP地址
def extractIp(self):st = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)st.connect(('10.255.255.255', 1))self.server_ip = st.getsockname()[0]pyperclip.copy(self.server_ip)QMessageBox.information(self, "房间信息", "IP：" + self.server_ip + "，已复制到剪贴板")# 服务端
def server(self):# 绑定IP端口self.tcp_server.bind((self.server_ip, self.server_port))# 可设置最大连接数self.tcp_server.listen()threading.Thread(target=partial(startServerListen, self)).start()# 服务端监听线程
def startServerListen(self):while True:try:self.status.showMessage('房间创建成功, 等待对方加入...')self.tcp_socket, address = self.tcp_server.accept()threading.Thread(target=partial(receiveData, self)).start()self.player_ready = Trueself.chess_color_online = Trueself.status.showMessage('对方已加入, 可以开始游戏')except:break# 客户端
def client(self):self.tcp_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)text, ok = QInputDialog.getText(None, "输入框", "请输入房间IP：")if ok and text != '':print("你输入的内容是：", text)self.server_ip = textelse:print("用户取消了输入或没有输入内容")return selectSide(self)try:self.tcp_socket.connect((self.server_ip, self.server_port))except socket.error as e:QMessageBox.critical(self, "网络连接异常", "无法连接到服务器，请检查IP地址是否正确\n" + str(e))selectSide(self)threading.Thread(target=partial(receiveData, self)).start()self.player_ready = Trueself.chess_color_online = Falseself.status.showMessage('您已经加入房间, 请等待房主开始游戏')# 接收数据
def receiveData(self):from MouseFunction import renderwhile True:try:data = self.tcp_socket.recv(1024)if data:self.chess_coord.append(json.loads(data.decode('utf-8')))else:breakexcept socket.timeout:print("接收数据超时，正在重试...")continueexcept Exception as e:print(f"接收数据时发生错误：{e}")breakrender(self)

结束语

  随着这篇文章的收尾，我的Python版五子棋项目也暂告一段落。虽然项目不大，但它不仅是对我编程技能的一次小小挑战，更是对过往编程经历的一次深刻反思与成长。从Java到Python，不仅是编程语言的转换，更是编程思维与习惯的革新。未来，我将继续在这条编程之路上探索前行，不断学习新知识，挑战新高度，用代码编织出更加丰富多彩的数字世界。感谢每一位读者的陪伴与支持，期待与你们在编程的海洋里再次相遇，共同书写属于我们的精彩篇章。

  同学们按照目录复制到对应的文件中，运行main即可启动，如果不想复制，或复制后无法运行，可以私聊我获取项目仓库地址，以拉取完整项目。

  联机模式目前只完成了棋子的同步，后续功能将更新在仓库中。