To create a custom QTreeView in C++ using Qt, where users can select multiple nodes and drag them to change their parent nodes, you'll need to leverage Qt's model-view framework along with the drag-and-drop feature. Below is a step-by-step guide to achieving this.
Step 1: Subclass QTreeView and QAbstractItemModel
You'll need to subclass both QTreeView (the view) and QAbstractItemModel (the model). The QTreeView will handle the user interface, and the QAbstractItemModel will manage the data.
Step 2: Create the Custom QTreeView
The custom QTreeView will allow multiple selections and handle drag-and-drop actions.
- Subclass QTreeView to enable multi-selection and drag-and-drop:
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#include <QTreeView>
#include <QMimeData>
#include <QDrag>
#include <QDropEvent>
#include <QStandardItemModel>
#include <QStandardItem>class CustomTreeView : public QTreeView {Q_OBJECTpublic:CustomTreeView(QWidget *parent = nullptr) : QTreeView(parent) {setSelectionMode(QAbstractItemView::ExtendedSelection); // Allow multi-selectionsetDragDropMode(QAbstractItemView::InternalMove); // Enable drag-and-dropsetDropIndicatorShown(true); // Show drop indicator}void dropEvent(QDropEvent *event) override {// Handle drop event here if needed, like checking validity of dropQTreeView::dropEvent(event);}
};
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Step 3: Create the Model (Subclass QAbstractItemModel)
Next, subclass QAbstractItemModel to represent your data structure. Here’s an example of how you might implement it:
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#include <QAbstractItemModel>
#include <QVector>
#include <QVariant>class CustomTreeModel : public QAbstractItemModel {Q_OBJECTpublic:CustomTreeModel(QObject *parent = nullptr) : QAbstractItemModel(parent) {// Sample data: (root, child1, child2)rootItem = new QStandardItem("Root");QStandardItem *child1 = new QStandardItem("Child 1");QStandardItem *child2 = new QStandardItem("Child 2");rootItem->appendRow(child1);rootItem->appendRow(child2);}~CustomTreeModel() {delete rootItem;}int rowCount(const QModelIndex &parent = QModelIndex()) const override {if (!parent.isValid()) {return rootItem->rowCount();}QStandardItem *parentItem = static_cast<QStandardItem*>(parent.internalPointer());return parentItem->rowCount();}int columnCount(const QModelIndex &parent = QModelIndex()) const override {return parent.isValid() ? static_cast<QStandardItem*>(parent.internalPointer())->columnCount() : 1;}QVariant data(const QModelIndex &index, int role = Qt::DisplayRole) const override {if (role == Qt::DisplayRole) {QStandardItem *item = static_cast<QStandardItem*>(index.internalPointer());return item->text();}return QVariant();}Qt::ItemFlags flags(const QModelIndex &index) const override {Qt::ItemFlags defaultFlags = QAbstractItemModel::flags(index);return defaultFlags | Qt::ItemIsSelectable | Qt::ItemIsEnabled | Qt::ItemIsDragEnabled | Qt::ItemIsDropEnabled;}QModelIndex parent(const QModelIndex &index) const override {if (!index.isValid()) {return QModelIndex();}QStandardItem *childItem = static_cast<QStandardItem*>(index.internalPointer());QStandardItem *parentItem = childItem->parent();if (parentItem == rootItem) {return QModelIndex(); // Root node has no parent}return createIndex(parentItem->row(), 0, parentItem);}QModelIndex index(int row, int column, const QModelIndex &parent = QModelIndex()) const override {if (!parent.isValid()) {return createIndex(row, column, rootItem->child(row));}QStandardItem *parentItem = static_cast<QStandardItem*>(parent.internalPointer());return createIndex(row, column, parentItem->child(row));}private:QStandardItem *rootItem;
};
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Step 4: Integrating Model and View
Now that you have the custom view (CustomTreeView) and model (CustomTreeModel), set them up in your MainWindow or wherever you want to display the tree.
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#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QTreeView>
#include <QStandardItemModel>class MainWindow : public QMainWindow {Q_OBJECTpublic:MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr) : QMainWindow(parent) {// Create the custom tree viewCustomTreeView *treeView = new CustomTreeView(this);treeView->setModel(new CustomTreeModel(this)); // Set the custom modelsetCentralWidget(treeView);}
};cpp
Step 5: Enable Dragging and Dropping Logic
To support dragging and dropping, the CustomTreeView handles the dragMoveEvent, dragEnterEvent, and dropEvent in the dropEvent method. You may need to add additional logic to handle the rearrangement of nodes.
Step 6: Running the Application
Now, set up the application entry point:
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#include <QApplication>int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {QApplication a(argc, argv);MainWindow w;w.show();return a.exec();
}
Summary:
- QTreeView: Subclassed to handle multi-selection and drag-and-drop functionality.
- QAbstractItemModel: Subclassed to represent the tree data structure.
- Drag and Drop: Supported by setting the appropriate flags and handling the events in
CustomTreeView.
By subclassing QTreeView and QAbstractItemModel, you create a flexible, custom tree view that allows for multi-selection and drag-and-drop functionality. You can further extend the logic to handle additional features like validation, custom item rendering, etc.
//
//
split to .h and .cpp
Sure! Here's the code split into header (.h) and implementation (.cpp) files for a better structure.
CustomTreeView.h
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#ifndef CUSTOMTREEVIEW_H
#define CUSTOMTREEVIEW_H#include <QTreeView>
#include <QDropEvent>class CustomTreeView : public QTreeView {Q_OBJECTpublic:explicit CustomTreeView(QWidget *parent = nullptr);protected:void dropEvent(QDropEvent *event) override;
};#endif // CUSTOMTREEVIEW_H
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CustomTreeView.cpp
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#include "CustomTreeView.h"
#include <QMimeData>
#include <QDrag>CustomTreeView::CustomTreeView(QWidget *parent) : QTreeView(parent) {setSelectionMode(QAbstractItemView::ExtendedSelection); // Allow multi-selectionsetDragDropMode(QAbstractItemView::InternalMove); // Enable drag-and-dropsetDropIndicatorShown(true); // Show drop indicator
}void CustomTreeView::dropEvent(QDropEvent *event) {// Handle drop event here if needed (e.g., validate drop)QTreeView::dropEvent(event);
}
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CustomTreeModel.h
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#ifndef CUSTOMTREEMODEL_H
#define CUSTOMTREEMODEL_H#include <QAbstractItemModel>
#include <QStandardItem>class CustomTreeModel : public QAbstractItemModel {Q_OBJECTpublic:explicit CustomTreeModel(QObject *parent = nullptr);~CustomTreeModel();int rowCount(const QModelIndex &parent = QModelIndex()) const override;int columnCount(const QModelIndex &parent = QModelIndex()) const override;QVariant data(const QModelIndex &index, int role = Qt::DisplayRole) const override;Qt::ItemFlags flags(const QModelIndex &index) const override;QModelIndex parent(const QModelIndex &index) const override;QModelIndex index(int row, int column, const QModelIndex &parent = QModelIndex()) const override;private:QStandardItem *rootItem;
};#endif // CUSTOMTREEMODEL_H
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CustomTreeModel.cpp
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#include "CustomTreeModel.h"CustomTreeModel::CustomTreeModel(QObject *parent) : QAbstractItemModel(parent) {// Sample data: (root, child1, child2)rootItem = new QStandardItem("Root");QStandardItem *child1 = new QStandardItem("Child 1");QStandardItem *child2 = new QStandardItem("Child 2");rootItem->appendRow(child1);rootItem->appendRow(child2);
}CustomTreeModel::~CustomTreeModel() {delete rootItem;
}int CustomTreeModel::rowCount(const QModelIndex &parent) const {if (!parent.isValid()) {return rootItem->rowCount();}QStandardItem *parentItem = static_cast<QStandardItem*>(parent.internalPointer());return parentItem->rowCount();
}int CustomTreeModel::columnCount(const QModelIndex &parent) const {return parent.isValid() ? static_cast<QStandardItem*>(parent.internalPointer())->columnCount() : 1;
}QVariant CustomTreeModel::data(const QModelIndex &index, int role) const {if (role == Qt::DisplayRole) {QStandardItem *item = static_cast<QStandardItem*>(index.internalPointer());return item->text();}return QVariant();
}Qt::ItemFlags CustomTreeModel::flags(const QModelIndex &index) const {Qt::ItemFlags defaultFlags = QAbstractItemModel::flags(index);return defaultFlags | Qt::ItemIsSelectable | Qt::ItemIsEnabled | Qt::ItemIsDragEnabled | Qt::ItemIsDropEnabled;
}QModelIndex CustomTreeModel::parent(const QModelIndex &index) const {if (!index.isValid()) {return QModelIndex();}QStandardItem *childItem = static_cast<QStandardItem*>(index.internalPointer());QStandardItem *parentItem = childItem->parent();if (parentItem == rootItem) {return QModelIndex(); // Root node has no parent}return createIndex(parentItem->row(), 0, parentItem);
}QModelIndex CustomTreeModel::index(int row, int column, const QModelIndex &parent) const {if (!parent.isValid()) {return createIndex(row, column, rootItem->child(row));}QStandardItem *parentItem = static_cast<QStandardItem*>(parent.internalPointer());return createIndex(row, column, parentItem->child(row));
}
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MainWindow.h
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#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H#include <QMainWindow>class CustomTreeView;
class CustomTreeModel;class MainWindow : public QMainWindow {Q_OBJECTpublic:explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr);~MainWindow() override;private:CustomTreeView *treeView;CustomTreeModel *model;
};#endif // MAINWINDOW_H
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MainWindow.cpp
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#include "MainWindow.h"
#include "CustomTreeView.h"
#include "CustomTreeModel.h"#include <QVBoxLayout>MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent): QMainWindow(parent),treeView(new CustomTreeView(this)),model(new CustomTreeModel(this)) {treeView->setModel(model); // Set the custom model to the tree view// Set up the main window layoutsetCentralWidget(treeView);
}MainWindow::~MainWindow() {// Any cleanup if necessary (not strictly needed as Qt handles it)
}
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main.cpp
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#include <QApplication>
#include "MainWindow.h"int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {QApplication a(argc, argv);MainWindow w;w.show();return a.exec();
}
Explanation:
-
CustomTreeView.h&CustomTreeView.cpp:- The view class (
CustomTreeView) is set up to allow multi-selection and internal drag-and-drop. ThedropEventmethod is overridden to handle drops (if needed).
- The view class (
-
CustomTreeModel.h&CustomTreeModel.cpp:- The model class (
CustomTreeModel) is a subclass ofQAbstractItemModelthat provides data for the tree. It manages a root item and its child nodes.
- The model class (
-
MainWindow.h&MainWindow.cpp:- This class initializes the application window and connects the custom tree view with the model.
-
main.cpp:- This file sets up the Qt application and shows the main window.
Compiling and Running:
- Include the necessary Qt modules (e.g.,
QtCore,QtGui,QtWidgets) in your.profile or CMake setup. - If you use a
.profile, it might look like this:QT += core gui widgets SOURCES += main.cpp MainWindow.cpp CustomTreeView.cpp CustomTreeModel.cpp HEADERS += MainWindow.h CustomTreeView.h CustomTreeModel.h
Now you have a well-structured Qt application that uses a custom tree view with drag-and-drop functionality. Let me know if you need further details or have questions about customization!
