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授权

前置内容

描述：授权是指认证通过后，系统赋予用户一定的权限，而用户能根据此权限，访问系统中的某些资源
授权方式：RBAC
基于角色的访问控制（一般不用）
直接给某个角色赋予访问权限

角色A有权利访问资源a，但当A发生变化时，则需要进行修改

基于资源的访问控制（常用）
根据角色拥有的资源权限，赋予额外的资源权限

角色A有权利访问资源a
+
访问资源a的所有角色有权利访问资源b
---->>
角色A可以访问资源b

权限表的设计

用户与权限的关系：多对多
原则设计：设计中间表，降低范式化程度
用户、角色、权限：
如果只有用户和权限两表，操作量会非常大，因此增加角色表和两个中间表，保证低范式。

建表和相关说明

表说明
权限

角色

角色权限关系表

用户

用户角色关系表

建表代码

CREATE TABLE `users` (`uid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`username` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,`password` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,`phone` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`uid`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 3 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
INSERT INTO `users` VALUES (1, 'baizhan', '$2a$10$Eqv9PRMl6bPt5BiwgPr2eucgyl.E.xLENt4bvfDvv7DyS5AVPT.U6', '13812345678');CREATE TABLE `role` (`rid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`roleName` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,`roleDesc` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`rid`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 4 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
INSERT INTO `role` VALUES (1, '总经理', '管理整个公司');
INSERT INTO `role` VALUES (2, '股东', '参与公司决策');
INSERT INTO `role` VALUES (3, '财务', '管理公司资产');CREATE TABLE `permission` (`pid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`permissionName` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,`url` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`pid`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 4 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
INSERT INTO `permission` VALUES (1, '查询报表', '/reportform/find');
INSERT INTO `permission` VALUES (2, '查询工资', '/salary/find');
INSERT INTO `permission` VALUES (3, '查询税务', '/tax/find');CREATE TABLE `users_role` (`uid` int(255) NOT NULL,`rid` int(11) NOT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`uid`, `rid`) USING BTREE,INDEX `rid`(`rid`) USING BTREE,CONSTRAINT `users_role_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`uid`) REFERENCES `users` (`uid`) ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT,CONSTRAINT `users_role_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`rid`) REFERENCES `role` (`rid`) ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
INSERT INTO `users_role` VALUES (1, 2);
INSERT INTO `users_role` VALUES (1, 3);CREATE TABLE `role_permission` (`rid` int(11) NOT NULL,`pid` int(11) NOT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`rid`, `pid`) USING BTREE,INDEX `pid`(`pid`) USING BTREE,CONSTRAINT `role_permission_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`rid`) REFERENCES `role` (`rid`) ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT,CONSTRAINT `role_permission_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`pid`) REFERENCES `permission` (`pid`) ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
INSERT INTO `role_permission` VALUES (1, 1);
INSERT INTO `role_permission` VALUES (2, 1);
INSERT INTO `role_permission` VALUES (1, 2);
INSERT INTO `role_permission` VALUES (3, 2);
INSERT INTO `role_permission` VALUES (1, 3);
INSERT INTO `role_permission` VALUES (2, 3);

用户权限配置

内部关键类GrantedAuthority和SimpleGrantedAuthority

描述：GrantedAuthority是security内部中的权限接口，SimpleGrantedAuthority是前者的一个简单实现。
使用说明：
创建GrantedAuthority列表存储所有的用户权限，存入的是SimpleGrantedAuthority的实例，SimpleGrantedAuthority每个实例在创建时，需要写入权限信息（String类型），写入方式一般为自己创建的权限实体类

关键类使用示例

List<GrantedAuthority> grantedAuthorities = new ArrayList<>();
for (Permission permission : permissions) {grantedAuthorities.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority(permission.getUrl()));
}

用户权限配置完整代码
此类的作用是负责处理用户、权限和数据库部分的交互逻辑
内部只定义了一个方法，用于根据给定用户名，加载用户信息（包含权限内容），用于进行授权
根据用户名加载一个用户时，会从数据库中读取这个用户的相应权限和其他信息，同时这些信息被写入到这个用户实例上，完成了授权操作

package com.wunaiieq.tmp2024121105.service;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import com.wunaiieq.tmp2024121105.entity.Permission;
import com.wunaiieq.tmp2024121105.entity.Users;
import com.wunaiieq.tmp2024121105.mapper.UsersMapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;@Service
public class MyUserDetailService implements UserDetailsService {@Autowiredprivate UsersMapper usersMapper;//自定义认证逻辑@Overridepublic UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {//1.查询条件QueryWrapper<Users> wrapper = new QueryWrapper<Users>().eq("username", username);//2.查询用户Users users = usersMapper.selectOne(wrapper);if (users == null){return null;}//3.查询用户权限，用我们自定义的Permission类去接收，捕获成一个列表List<Permission> permissions = usersMapper.findPermissionByUsername(username);//4.将自定义的权限集合转换为security规定的权限集合List<GrantedAuthority> grantedAuthorities = new ArrayList<>();for (Permission permission : permissions) {grantedAuthorities.add(//将实例添加到grantedAuthorities集合中new SimpleGrantedAuthority(//将下面获取到的权限（字符串形式）创建出SimpleGrantedAuthority的示例permission.getUrl()//调用列表中每个Permission对象的getUrl()方法，获取权限));}//5.封装为UserDetails对象UserDetails userDetails = User.withUsername(users.getUsername()).password(users.getPassword()).authorities(grantedAuthorities).build();//4.返回封装好的UserDetails对象return userDetails;}
}

资源访问控制

方法一、配置类设置访问控制

controller
controller层中设置对应的url，作为资源

 @GetMapping("/reportform/find")public String findReportForm() {return "查询报表";}@GetMapping("/salary/find")public String findSalary() {return "查询工资";}@GetMapping("/staff/find")public String findStaff() {return "查询员工";}

示例
在配置类中修改如下

        httpSecurity.authorizeHttpRequests(resp -> {resp.requestMatchers(new AntPathRequestMatcher("/login.html"), new AntPathRequestMatcher("/fail,html")).permitAll(); // 不需要认证的资源resp.requestMatchers(new AntPathRequestMatcher("/staff/find")).hasAnyAuthority("/staff/find");resp.anyRequest().authenticated();//其余所有请求都需要认证}   );

以资源去匹配权限
资源过多时，用此方法，在访问资源时，判断用户是否具有访问此url的权限
在SecurityConfigure中进行修改

        httpSecurity.authorizeHttpRequests(resp -> {resp.requestMatchers(new AntPathRequestMatcher("/login.html"), new AntPathRequestMatcher("/fail.html")).permitAll(); // 不需要认证的资源resp.requestMatchers(new AntPathRequestMatcher("/css/*.css"), new AntPathRequestMatcher("/js/*.js"), new AntPathRequestMatcher("/img/**")).permitAll(); // 静态资源不需要认证/*** access的参数是一个函数式接口* 方法的第一个参数代表认证对象，可以获取认证用户的权限集合* 方法的第二个参数代表网络环境，可以获取当前请求的路径*/resp.anyRequest().access((authentication, requestContext) -> {// 获取认证的用户权限Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities = authentication.get().getAuthorities();// 获取请求的URL路径String uri = requestContext.getRequest().getRequestURI();// 将URL路径封装为权限对象SimpleGrantedAuthority authority = new SimpleGrantedAuthority(uri);// 判断用户的权限集合是否包含请求的URL权限对象boolean result = authorities.contains(authority);return new AuthorizationDecision(result);});});

方法二、注解类设置访问控制（优选）

1. 需要在启动类中开启注解：@EnableMethodSecurity

package com.wunaiieq.tmp2024121105;import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableMethodSecurity;@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.wunaiieq.tmp2024121105.mapper")
@EnableMethodSecurity
public class Tmp2024121105Application {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(Tmp2024121105Application.class, args);}}

2. controller对应的方法中增加注解

        @GetMapping("/staff/find")@PreAuthorize("hasAnyAuthority('/staff/find')")public String findStaff() {return "查询员工";}

权限不足的处理方法

编写全写不足处理类，在权限不足时跳转指定页面，或弹窗等
权限不足的处理类

package com.wunaiieq.tmp2024121105.handler;import org.springframework.security.access.AccessDeniedException;
import org.springframework.security.web.access.AccessDeniedHandler;import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;public class MyAccessDeniedHandler implements AccessDeniedHandler {@Overridepublic void handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AccessDeniedException accessDeniedException) throws IOException, ServletException {response.sendRedirect("/noPermission.html");}
}

配置文件中增加处理权限不足的异常

httpSecurity.exceptionHandling().accessDeniedHandler(new MyAccessDeniedHandler());