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1. 空间分析的重要性

空间分析是GIS的核心功能之一，它可以帮助我们：

分析地理要素之间的空间关系
进行空间查询和统计
支持决策制定
预测和模拟地理现象

2. 地图交互

2.1 交互类型

在WebGIS中，常见的交互类型包括：

选择（Select）：选择地图上的要素
绘制（Draw）：创建新的地理要素
修改（Modify）：编辑现有要素
捕捉（Snap）：辅助精确绘制和编辑

2.2 创建交互配置文件

创建 src/config/interactions.ts：

import { defaults as defaultInteractions } from 'ol/interaction';
import Draw from 'ol/interaction/Draw';
import Modify from 'ol/interaction/Modify';
import Select from 'ol/interaction/Select';
import Snap from 'ol/interaction/Snap';
import { click, pointerMove } from 'ol/events/condition';
import { Vector as VectorLayer } from 'ol/layer';
import { Vector as VectorSource } from 'ol/source';
import { Style, Fill, Stroke, Circle } from 'ol/style';// 创建矢量图层
export const createVectorLayer = () => {return new VectorLayer({source: new VectorSource(),style: new Style({fill: new Fill({color: 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2)'}),stroke: new Stroke({color: '#ffcc33',width: 2}),image: new Circle({radius: 7,fill: new Fill({color: '#ffcc33'})})})});
};// 创建选择交互
export const createSelectInteraction = (vectorLayer: VectorLayer) => {return new Select({layers: [vectorLayer],condition: click,style: new Style({fill: new Fill({color: 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4)'}),stroke: new Stroke({color: '#ff0000',width: 2}),image: new Circle({radius: 7,fill: new Fill({color: '#ff0000'})})})});
};// 创建绘制交互
export const createDrawInteraction = (vectorLayer: VectorLayer, type: 'Point' | 'LineString' | 'Polygon') => {return new Draw({source: vectorLayer.getSource() as VectorSource,type: type,style: new Style({fill: new Fill({color: 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2)'}),stroke: new Stroke({color: '#ffcc33',width: 2}),image: new Circle({radius: 7,fill: new Fill({color: '#ffcc33'})})})});
};// 创建修改交互
export const createModifyInteraction = (vectorLayer: VectorLayer) => {return new Modify({source: vectorLayer.getSource() as VectorSource});
};// 创建捕捉交互
export const createSnapInteraction = (vectorLayer: VectorLayer) => {return new Snap({source: vectorLayer.getSource() as VectorSource});
};

1.2 创建工具组件

创建 src/components/map/Toolbar.vue：

<template><div class="toolbar"><buttonv-for="tool in tools":key="tool.name":class="{ active: activeTool === tool.name }"@click="handleToolClick(tool)">{{ tool.label }}</button></div>
</template><script setup lang="ts">
import { ref } from 'vue';
import { useMapStore } from '@/stores/map';
import { createVectorLayer, createSelectInteraction, createDrawInteraction, createModifyInteraction, createSnapInteraction } from '@/config/interactions';
import type { Map } from 'ol';const mapStore = useMapStore();
const activeTool = ref<string | null>(null);const tools = [{ name: 'select', label: '选择' },{ name: 'point', label: '点' },{ name: 'line', label: '线' },{ name: 'polygon', label: '面' },{ name: 'modify', label: '修改' }
];let vectorLayer: any = null;
let currentInteraction: any = null;const handleToolClick = (tool: { name: string; label: string }) => {if (activeTool.value === tool.name) {activeTool.value = null;removeCurrentInteraction();return;}activeTool.value = tool.name;removeCurrentInteraction();if (!vectorLayer) {vectorLayer = createVectorLayer();mapStore.map?.addLayer(vectorLayer);}switch (tool.name) {case 'select':currentInteraction = createSelectInteraction(vectorLayer);break;case 'point':currentInteraction = createDrawInteraction(vectorLayer, 'Point');break;case 'line':currentInteraction = createDrawInteraction(vectorLayer, 'LineString');break;case 'polygon':currentInteraction = createDrawInteraction(vectorLayer, 'Polygon');break;case 'modify':currentInteraction = createModifyInteraction(vectorLayer);break;}if (currentInteraction) {mapStore.map?.addInteraction(currentInteraction);if (tool.name !== 'select') {mapStore.map?.addInteraction(createSnapInteraction(vectorLayer));}}
};const removeCurrentInteraction = () => {if (currentInteraction) {mapStore.map?.removeInteraction(currentInteraction);currentInteraction = null;}
};
</script><style scoped>
.toolbar {position: absolute;top: 10px;right: 10px;display: flex;gap: 5px;background: white;padding: 10px;border-radius: 4px;box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}.toolbar button {padding: 5px 10px;border: 1px solid #ccc;border-radius: 4px;background: white;cursor: pointer;
}.toolbar button.active {background: #1890ff;color: white;border-color: #1890ff;
}.toolbar button:hover {background: #f0f0f0;
}.toolbar button.active:hover {background: #40a9ff;
}
</style>

3. 空间分析工具

3.1 常用空间分析方法

测量分析
- 面积测量：计算多边形区域的面积
- 长度测量：计算线状要素的长度
- 距离测量：计算两点之间的距离
缓冲区分析
- 创建要素周围的缓冲区区域
- 常用于影响范围分析
- 支持不同距离的缓冲区创建
空间关系分析
- 包含（Contains）：判断一个要素是否完全包含另一个要素
- 相交（Intersects）：判断两个要素是否相交
- 包含于（Within）：判断一个要素是否完全包含于另一个要素

3.2 创建空间分析工具

创建 src/utils/spatialAnalysis.ts：

import { Feature } from 'ol';
import { Geometry, Point, LineString, Polygon } from 'ol/geom';
import { getArea, getLength } from 'ol/sphere';
import { transform } from 'ol/proj';// 计算几何图形面积
export const calculateArea = (feature: Feature<Geometry>): number => {const geometry = feature.getGeometry();if (geometry instanceof Polygon) {const coordinates = geometry.getCoordinates()[0];const transformedCoordinates = coordinates.map(coord =>transform(coord, 'EPSG:3857', 'EPSG:4326'));return getArea(new Polygon([transformedCoordinates]));}return 0;
};// 计算几何图形长度
export const calculateLength = (feature: Feature<Geometry>): number => {const geometry = feature.getGeometry();if (geometry instanceof LineString) {const coordinates = geometry.getCoordinates();const transformedCoordinates = coordinates.map(coord =>transform(coord, 'EPSG:3857', 'EPSG:4326'));return getLength(new LineString(transformedCoordinates));}return 0;
};// 缓冲区分析
export const createBuffer = (feature: Feature<Geometry>, distance: number): Feature<Polygon> => {const geometry = feature.getGeometry();if (!geometry) throw new Error('Geometry is required');const buffer = geometry.buffer(distance);return new Feature({geometry: buffer as Polygon});
};// 空间关系分析
export const analyzeSpatialRelation = (feature1: Feature<Geometry>,feature2: Feature<Geometry>
): {contains: boolean;intersects: boolean;within: boolean;
} => {const geometry1 = feature1.getGeometry();const geometry2 = feature2.getGeometry();if (!geometry1 || !geometry2) {throw new Error('Both features must have geometries');}return {contains: geometry1.containsGeometry(geometry2),intersects: geometry1.intersectsGeometry(geometry2),within: geometry1.withinGeometry(geometry2)};
};

创建 src/components/map/AnalysisTools.vue：

<template><div class="analysis-tools"><div class="tool-group"><h3>测量工具</h3><button @click="startAreaMeasurement">面积测量</button><button @click="startLengthMeasurement">长度测量</button></div><div class="tool-group"><h3>空间分析</h3><button @click="startBufferAnalysis">缓冲区分析</button><button @click="startSpatialRelation">空间关系</button></div><div v-if="measurementResult" class="result"><h3>测量结果</h3><p>{{ measurementResult }}</p></div></div>
</template><script setup lang="ts">
import { ref } from 'vue';
import { useMapStore } from '@/stores/map';
import { createVectorLayer, createDrawInteraction } from '@/config/interactions';
import { calculateArea, calculateLength, createBuffer, analyzeSpatialRelation } from '@/utils/spatialAnalysis';
import type { Feature } from 'ol';const mapStore = useMapStore();
const measurementResult = ref<string>('');
let vectorLayer: any = null;
let currentInteraction: any = null;const startAreaMeasurement = () => {if (!vectorLayer) {vectorLayer = createVectorLayer();mapStore.map?.addLayer(vectorLayer);}currentInteraction = createDrawInteraction(vectorLayer, 'Polygon');currentInteraction.on('drawend', (event: any) => {const area = calculateArea(event.feature);measurementResult.value = `面积: ${(area / 1000000).toFixed(2)} 平方公里`;mapStore.map?.removeInteraction(currentInteraction);});mapStore.map?.addInteraction(currentInteraction);
};const startLengthMeasurement = () => {if (!vectorLayer) {vectorLayer = createVectorLayer();mapStore.map?.addLayer(vectorLayer);}currentInteraction = createDrawInteraction(vectorLayer, 'LineString');currentInteraction.on('drawend', (event: any) => {const length = calculateLength(event.feature);measurementResult.value = `长度: ${(length / 1000).toFixed(2)} 公里`;mapStore.map?.removeInteraction(currentInteraction);});mapStore.map?.addInteraction(currentInteraction);
};const startBufferAnalysis = () => {// 实现缓冲区分析
};const startSpatialRelation = () => {// 实现空间关系分析
};
</script><style scoped>
.analysis-tools {position: absolute;top: 60px;right: 10px;background: white;padding: 10px;border-radius: 4px;box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}.tool-group {margin-bottom: 10px;
}.tool-group h3 {margin: 0 0 5px 0;font-size: 14px;
}.tool-group button {display: block;width: 100%;padding: 5px 10px;margin-bottom: 5px;border: 1px solid #ccc;border-radius: 4px;background: white;cursor: pointer;
}.tool-group button:hover {background: #f0f0f0;
}.result {margin-top: 10px;padding-top: 10px;border-top: 1px solid #eee;
}.result h3 {margin: 0 0 5px 0;font-size: 14px;
}.result p {margin: 0;font-size: 12px;color: #666;
}
</style>